Node Deployment Optimization for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks in Urban Environment

Serious threats are emerging with the proliferation of drones in the urban environment. The demand to detect drones with heterogeneous sensor nodes appears as a result. While some work of node deployment has been performed in 3D space with obstacles, little has considered the obstacles as resources. The access node is introduced with this consideration, and a novel network topology is proposed subsequently. Then, the node deployment problem is proposed to maximize the coverage quality of the heterogeneous sensor nodes and minimize the number of access nodes. Next, a two-phase deployment strategy is proposed to tackle the problem. The first phase is to deploy the sensor nodes with connectivity and cost constraints, the second is to minimize the number of access nodes while guaranteeing the network connectivity, and three algorithms are elaborated in the first phase. The performance of the algorithms is compared through simulation experiments, and the results show that proposed strategy can solve the problem effectively and provide reliable coverage quality.