New APIs for mobile graphics

Progress in mobile graphics technology during the last five years has been swift, and it has followed a similar path as on PCs: early proprietary software engines running on integer hardware paved the way to standards that provide a roadmap for graphics hardware acceleration. In this overview we cover five recent standards for 3D and 2D vector graphics for mobile devices. OpenGL ES is a low-level API for 3D graphics, meant for applications written in C or C++. M3G (JSR 184) is a high-level 3D API for mobile Java that can be implemented on top of OpenGL ES. Collada is a content interchange format and API that allows combining digital content creation tools and exporting the results to different run-time systems, including OpenGL ES and M3G. Two new 2D vector graphics APIs reflect the relations of OpenGL ES and M3G: OpenVG is a low-level API for C/C++ that can be used as a building block for a high-level mobile Java API JSR 226.

[1]  Guido D. Salvucci,et al.  Ieee standard for binary floating-point arithmetic , 1985 .

[2]  Ansi Ieee,et al.  IEEE Standard for Binary Floating Point Arithmetic , 1985 .

[3]  Paul S. Strauss,et al.  An object-oriented 3D graphics toolkit , 1992, SIGGRAPH.

[4]  John G. Eyles,et al.  PixelFlow: high-speed rendering using image composition , 1992, SIGGRAPH.

[5]  Bob Francis,et al.  Silicon Graphics Inc. , 1993 .

[6]  Maneesh Agrawala,et al.  Rendering from compressed textures , 1996, SIGGRAPH.

[7]  Mark J. Kilgard.  Realizing OpenGL: two implementations of one architecture , 1997, HWWS '97.

[8]  G.E. Moore,et al.  Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits , 1998, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[9]  Homan Igehy,et al.  Simple models of the impact of overlap in bucket rendering , 1998, Workshop on Graphics Hardware.

[10]  Mark Segal,et al.  The Design of the OpenGL Graphics Interface , 1998 .

[11]  Kevin Rushforth,et al.  The Java 3d API Specification with Cdrom , 2000 .

[12]  Vladimir Pentkovski,et al.  ZR: a 3D API transparent technology for chunk rendering , 2001, MICRO.

[13]  Vladimir Pentkovski,et al.  ZR: A 3Dd API transparent technology for chunk rendering , 2001, Proceedings. 34th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture. MICRO-34.

[14]  Simon Fenney,et al.  Texture compression using low-frequency signal modulation , 2003, HWWS '03.

[15]  Hiroyuki Kawai,et al.  3D graphics LSI core for mobile phone "Z3D" , 2003, HWWS '03.

[16]  Timo Aila,et al.  Delay streams for graphics hardware , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[17]  Tomas Akenine-Möller,et al.  Graphics for the masses: a hardware rasterization architecture for mobile phones , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[18]  Mark Segal,et al.  The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification , 2004 .

[19]  Randi J. Rost.  OpenGL shading language , 2004 .

[20]  Kari Pulli,et al.  Designing graphics programming interfaces for mobile devices , 2005, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[21]  Tomas Akenine-Möller,et al.  iPACKMAN: high-quality, low-complexity texture compression for mobile phones , 2005, HWWS '05.