On Knowing the Auxiliary of a Verb That Cannot Be Named: Evidence for the Independence of Grammatical and Phonological Aspects of Lexical Knowledge

We report the case of an Italian anomic subject who was invariably able to provide the auxiliary of verbs he failed to produce in oral naming tasks. This pattern of performance contrasts with that of another Italian-speaking patient documented by Miceli and Caramazza (1988) who showed a selective impairment in accessing syntactic features of words, but not their phonological forms. This double dissociation suggests that syntactic and phonological information in the lexicon are accessed independently and represented in distinct neural structures.

[1]  F. Michèl,et al.  Lexicalization in an anomic patient , 1989, Neuropsychologia.

[2]  E. Warrington.  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology the Selective Impairment of Semantic Memory the Selective Impairment of Semantic Memory , 2022 .

[3]  Brian Butterworth,et al.  Lexical access in speech production , 1989 .

[4]  Kathryn Bock,et al.  Language production : Grammatical encoding , 1994 .

[5]  A Koriat,et al.  What does a person in a “TOT” state know that a person in a “don’t know” state doesn’t know , 1974, Memory & cognition.

[6]  W. Levelt,et al.  Speaking: From Intention to Articulation , 1990 .

[7]  M. Garrett.  Levels of processing in sentence production , 1980 .

[8]  Victoria A. Fromkin,et al.  The Non-Anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances , 1971 .

[9]  J. G. Snodgrass,et al.  A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory.

[10]  K. Heilman,et al.  Linguistic semantic agraphia: A dissociation of the lexical spelling system from semantics , 1986, Brain and Language.

[11]  A. Caramazza,et al.  The assignment of word stress in oral reading: Evidence from a case of acquired dyslexia. , 1993 .

[12]  Donald G. MacKay,et al.  On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding failures in young and older adults? , 1991 .

[13]  H. Goodglass,et al.  Lexical retrieval: The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon , 1987, Applied Psycholinguistics.

[14]  A. Damasio,et al.  Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  Brian Butterworth,et al.  Gesture and Silence as Indicators of Planning in Speech , 1978 .

[16]  J Dérouesné,et al.  Lexical or orthographic agraphia. , 1981, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[17]  Randi C. Martin,et al.  Patterns of Verb Impairment in Aphasia: An Analysis of Four Cases. , 1996, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[18]  G S Dell,et al.  A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production. , 1986, Psychological review.

[19]  M. Coltheart,et al.  The organization of object knowledge: evidence from neuropsychology , 1993 .

[20]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Dissociation of inflectional and derivational morphology , 1988, Brain and Language.

[21]  M. Miozzo,et al.  The two-stage model of lexical retrieval: evidence from a case of anomia with selective preservation of grammatical gender , 1995, Cognition.

[22]  Trevor A. Harley,et al.  A Critique of Top-down Independent Levels Models of Speech Production: Evidence from Non-plan-Internal Speech Errors , 1984, Cogn. Sci..

[23]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Lexical organization of nouns and verbs in the brain , 1991, Nature.

[24]  Alfonso Caramazza,et al.  Aspects of the Spelling Process: Evidence from a Case of Acquired Dysgraphia , 1986 .

[25]  Giuseppe di Pellegrino,et al.  Sparing of Verbs and Preserved, but Ineffectual Reading in a Patient with Impaired Word Production , 1995, Cortex.

[26]  J. Hanley,et al.  The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: Do experimenter-presented interlopers have any effect? , 1992, Cognition.

[27]  V. Fromkin.  Speech errors as linguistic evidence , 1976 .

[28]  M. Garrett.  Disorders of lexical selection , 1992, Cognition.

[29]  N. Geschwind.  Language and the brain. , 1972, Scientific American.

[30]  Zenzi M. Griffin,et al.  Constraint, Word Frequency, and the Relationship between Lexical Processing Levels in Spoken Word Production , 1998 .

[31]  A. Caramazza.  Some aspects of language processing revealed through the analysis of acquired aphasia: the lexical system. , 1988, Annual review of neuroscience.

[32]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Where Do Semantic Errors Come From? , 1990, Cortex.

[33]  W. Levelt,et al.  Word frequency effects in speech production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form , 1994 .

[34]  Alan S. Brown,et al.  A review of the tip-of-the-tongue experience. , 1991, Psychological bulletin.

[35]  Roger S. Brown,et al.  The "Tip of the Tongue" Phenomenon , 1966 .

[36]  David Kemmerer.  Auxiliary Selection in Italian: A Comment on Miozzo and Caramazza's On Knowing the Auxiliary of a Verb that Cannot Be Named: Evidence for the Independence of Grammatical and Phonological Aspects of Lexical Knowledge , 1998, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[37]  A. Caramazza,et al.  On the Basis for the Agrammatic's Difficulty in Producing Main Verbs , 1984, Cortex.

[38]  David Howard,et al.  Missing the Meaning?: A Cognitive Neuropsychological Study of Processing of Words by an Aphasic Patient , 1989 .

[39]  Gregory V. Jones,et al.  Phonological blocking in the tip of the tongue state , 1987, Cognition.

[40]  Missing the Meaning? A Cognitive Neuropsychological Study of the Processing of Words by an Aphasic Patient , 1989 .

[41]  Elizabeth K. Warrington,et al.  Category specificity in an agrammatic patient: The relative impairment of verb retrieval and comprehension , 1985, Neuropsychologia.

[42]  Gerard Kempen,et al.  The lexlcalization process in sentence puoduction and naming: Indirect e ection of words* , 1983 .

[43]  A. Caramazza,et al.  Representation of Grammatical Categories of Words in the Brain , 1995, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[44]  M. F. Garrett,et al.  The Analysis of Sentence Production1 , 1975 .

[45]  R. Berndt,et al.  Retrieval of nouns and verbs in agrammatism and anomia , 1990, Brain and Language.

[46]  Gerard Kempen,et al.  The lexicalization process in sentence production and naming: indirect election of words , 1983, Cognition.

[47]  D. Bavelier,et al.  Neural organization and plasticity of language , 1998, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[48]  Antje S. Meyer,et al.  Exploring the time course of lexical access in language production : Picture word interference studies , 1990 .

[49]  E. De Renzi,et al.  Sparing of verbs and preserved, but ineffectual reading in a patient with impaired word production. , 1995, Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior.

[50]  M. Garrett,et al.  Grammatical Gender Is on the Tip of Italian Tongues , 1997 .

[51]  Gary S. Dell,et al.  Stages in sentence production: An analysis of speech error data , 1981 .

[52]  G. Gainotti.  The relationship between semantic impairment in comprehension and naming in aphasic patients. , 1976, The British journal of disorders of communication.

[53]  A. Cutler,et al.  Malapropisms and the structure of the mental lexicon , 1977 .

[54]  Antje S. Meyer,et al.  The time course of lexical access in speech production: A study of picture naming , 1991 .

[55]  E. Lovelace.  Attributes that come to mind in the TOT state. , 1987 .

[56]  William D. Marslen-Wilson,et al.  Lexical Representation and Process , 1991 .

[57]  Alfonso Caramazza,et al.  Selective impairment of semantics in lexical processing , 1990 .

[58]  A. Ellis,et al.  A cognitive neuropsychological case study of anomia. Implications for psychological models of word retrieval. , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.