Insights into factors contributing to the observability of a submarine at periscope depth by modern radar: Part 2 - EM simulation of mast RCS in a realistic sea surface environment

Recently, a set of high resolution radar measurements were undertaken in South Africa to gain insight into factors influencing the detectability of submarine masts deployed under realistic operational conditions. The measurements, processing results and some insights gained are described in [1]. The current paper presents the results of a subsequent computational electromagnetic (CEM) simulation investigation of a simplified mast model in a realistic sea surface environment. The results illustrate some of the effects of the sea surface reflection interaction on the observed RCS of a submarine mast.