Real-time Simultaneous DKG and 2D DKG Using High-speed Digital Camera.

INTRODUCTION For the evaluation of voice disorders, direct observation of vocal cord vibration is important. Among the various methods, laryngeal videostroboscopy (LVS) is widely used, but it was not a true image because it collects images from different cycles. In contrast, high-speed videoendoscopy and videokymography have much higher frame rates and can assess functional and mobility disorders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to describe real-time, simultaneous digital kymography (DKG), two-dimensional scanning (2D) DKG, and multi-frame (MF) LVS system using a high-speed digital camera, and identify the efficacy of this system in evaluating vibratory patterns of pathologic voice. METHODS The pattern of vocal fold vibration was evaluated in a vocally healthy subject and in subjects with vocal polyp, vocal nodules, vocal cord scar, and vocal cord paralysis. We used both quantitative (left-right phase symmetry, amplitude symmetry index) and qualitative (anterior-posterior phase symmetry) parameters for assessment of vocal fold vibration. RESULTS Our system could record videos within seconds and required relatively little memory. The speed of replay in the DKG, 2D DKG, MF LVS, and high-speed videoendoscopy was controllable. The number of frame per cycle with MF LVS was almost the same as the fundamental frequency. CONCLUSION Our system can provide images of various modalities simultaneously in real time and analyze morphological and functional vibratory patterns. It can be possible to provide a greater level of information for the diagnosis and treatment of vibratory disorders.

[1]  H Hirose,et al.  High-speed digital imaging of vocal fold vibration. , 1988, Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum.

[2]  Hee-June Park,et al.  A new videokymography system for evaluation of the vibration pattern of entire vocal folds. , 2016, Auris, nasus, larynx.

[3]  S. Granqvist,et al.  A method of applying Fourier analysis to high-speed laryngoscopy. , 2001, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[4]  Terri Treman Gerlach,et al.  Phase asymmetries in normophonic speakers: visual judgments and objective findings. , 2008, American journal of speech-language pathology.

[5]  Soo-Geun Wang,et al.  The First Application of the Two-Dimensional Scanning Videokymography in Excised Canine Larynx Model. , 2016, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[6]  D. Mehta,et al.  Voice Production Mechanisms following Phonosurgical Treatment of Early Glottic Cancer , 2010, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[7]  Xin Chen,et al.  Automatic tracing of vocal-fold motion from high-speed digital images , 2006 .

[8]  J. Lohscheller,et al.  Phonovibrogram Visualization of Entire Vocal Fold Dynamics , 2008, The Laryngoscope.

[9]  R TIMCKE,et al.  Laryngeal vibrations: measurements of the glottic wave. I. The normal vibratory cycle. , 1958, A.M.A. archives of otolaryngology.

[10]  Qilian Yu,et al.  An Automatic Method to Quantify the Vibration Properties of Human Vocal Folds via Videokymography , 2003, Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica.

[11]  Bum-Joo Shin,et al.  Imaging and Analysis of Human Vocal Fold Vibration Using Two-Dimensional (2D) Scanning Videokymography. , 2016, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[12]  H. K. Schutte,et al.  Videokymography: high-speed line scanning of vocal fold vibration. , 1996, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[13]  H. K. Schutte,et al.  Real-time kymographic imaging for visualizing human vocal-fold vibratory function. , 2007, The Review of scientific instruments.

[14]  H. K. Schutte,et al.  Videokymography in Voice Disorders: What to Look For? , 2007, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[15]  Eom Joon Kim,et al.  Videostrobokymography: A New Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Vocal Fold Vibration , 1999, The Laryngoscope.

[16]  Johan Sundberg,et al.  Simultaneous analysis of vocal fold vibration and transglottal airflow: exploring a new experimental setup. , 2003, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[17]  U Eysholdt,et al.  Functional imaging of vocal fold vibration: digital multislice high-speed kymography. , 2000, Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.

[18]  Terri Treman Gerlach,et al.  Clinical Implementation of Laryngeal High-Speed Videoendoscopy: Challenges and Evolution , 2007, Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica.

[19]  Rita R. Patel,et al.  Comparison of High-Speed Digital Imaging with Stroboscopy for Laryngeal Imaging of Glottal Disorders , 2008, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[20]  D. Mehta,et al.  Current role of stroboscopy in laryngeal imaging , 2012, Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery.

[21]  Soon-Bok Kwon,et al.  Real-time dual visualization of two different modalities for the evaluation of vocal fold vibration - Laryngeal videoendoscopy and 2D scanning videokymography: Preliminary report. , 2017, Auris, nasus, larynx.