TWO DECADES OF RESEARCH ON TEACHER–STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS IN CLASS

This paper reports on results of research from a 25-year program of studies investigating teacher–student relationships in secondary classrooms. The authors review the research that examines teaching from an interpersonal perspective using a communicative systems approach and propose a model to describe teacher–student relationships in terms of teacher behavior. The studies used the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) to collect data on students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the teacher–student relationship. The authors review studies showing that teacher–student relationships appropriate for high student outcomes are characterized by a rather high degree of teacher influence and proximity towards students. Studies on non-verbal behavior and the spatial position of the teacher in the class support the need for beginning teachers to portray the image of an experienced teacher whenever they address the class as a group. The paper concludes that the QTI is a useful research tool, but research on the QTI as a feedback instrument for teachers is insufficient to prove its usefulness.

[1]  M. Brekelmans,et al.  Do teacher ideals distort the self-reports of their interpersonal behavior? , 1992 .

[2]  Thomas J. Shuell,et al.  Teaching and learning in a classroom context. , 1996 .

[3]  Classroom Context of Student-Perceived Differential Teacher Treatment. , 1986 .

[4]  den Pj Perry Brok.  Teaching and student outcomes : a study on teachers' thoughts and actions from an interpersonal and a learning activities perspective , 2001 .

[5]  S. Fiske,et al.  Social Psychology , 2019, Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.

[6]  Mieke Brekelmans,et al.  An Interpersonal Perspective on Classroom Management in Secondary Classrooms in the Netherlands. , 2006 .

[7]  den Pj Perry Brok,et al.  Students' Perceptions of Secondary Science Teachers' Interpersonal Style in Six Countries: A Study on the Cross National Validity of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction. , 2003 .

[8]  H. Marsh.  Validity of Students' Evaluations of College Teaching: A Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis. , 1982 .

[9]  D. Fisher,et al.  Three Perspectives on Perceptions of Teacher-Student Interaction: A Seed for Change in Science Teaching. , 2000 .

[10]  M. Brekelmans,et al.  Students' Perceptions of Interpersonal Aspects of the Learning Environment , 2003 .

[11]  E. Thoma.  Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality , 1965 .

[12]  T. Wubbels,et al.  A comparison of interpersonal behavior of Dutch and American teachers , 1991 .

[13]  D. Rawnsley.  Associations between classroom learning environments, teacher interpersonal behaviour and student outcomes in secondary mathematics classrooms. , 1997 .

[14]  J. Kounin.  Discipline and group management in classrooms , 1970 .

[15]  P. Watzlawick,et al.  Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes , 1964 .

[16]  D. Fisher,et al.  Actual and Ideal Principal Interpersonal Behaviour , 1998 .

[17]  L. Festinger,et al.  A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance , 2017 .

[18]  Darrell L. Fisher,et al.  Interpersonal behaviour in senior high school biology classes , 1995 .

[19]  Mieke Brekelmans,et al.  Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour and Student Outcomes , 2004 .

[20]  Pierre R. Dasen,et al.  Human Behavior in Global Perspective: An Introduction to Cross Cultural Psychology , 1999 .

[21]  Jack Levy,et al.  Do You Know What You Look Like?: Interpersonal Relationships In Education , 1993 .

[22]  Student and Teacher Characteristics and Perceptions of Teacher Communication Style. , 1992 .

[23]  T. Wubbels.  Discipline Problems of Beginning Teachers, Interactional Teacher Behaviour Mapped Out. , 1985 .

[24]  Timothy Leary,et al.  Interpersonal diagnosis of personality , 1957 .

[25]  M. Brekelmans,et al.  A study of student perceptions of physics teacher behavior , 1990 .

[26]  Bruce J. Biddle,et al.  The Study of Teaching , 1974 .

[27]  Perry den Brok,et al.  Perceptions of Asian-American and Hispanic-American teachers and their students on teacher interpersonal communication style , 2002 .

[28]  J. S. Wiggins,et al.  Circular reasoning about interpersonal behavior: Evidence concerning some untested assumptions underlying diagnostic classification. , 1989 .

[29]  Uri Zoller,et al.  Self-Perception versus Students' Perception of Teachers' Personal Style in College Science and Mathematics Courses , 2001 .

[30]  M. Brekelmans,et al.  Students' Perceptions of Teacher Interpersonal Style: The Front of the Classroom as the Teacher's Stage. , 1998 .

[31]  Arthur N. Wiens,et al.  Nonverbal Communication: The State of the Art , 1978 .

[32]  Henry Beaumont,et al.  The Measurement of Teaching , 1938 .

[33]  P. Brok,et al.  Cultural influences on students' perceptions of videotaped lessons , 2003 .

[34]  S. Weber,et al.  That's Funny You Don't Look Like A Teacher!: Interrogating Images, Identity, And Popular Culture , 1995 .

[35]  T. Wubbels,et al.  Teacher-student relationships across the teaching career , 2005 .

[36]  M. Brekelmans,et al.  A comparison of student perceptions of Dutch physics teachers' interpersonal behavior and their educational opinions in 1984 and 1993 , 1997 .

[37]  J. Harkin,et al.  Patterns of communication styles of teachers in english 16–19 education , 1997 .

[38]  J. Harkin,et al.  Communicating with students with learning difficulties in further education , 2000 .

[39]  Swee Chiew Goh,et al.  Teacher Interpersonal Behavior and Elementary Students' Outcomes , 2000 .

[40]  Swee Chiew Goh,et al.  Validation of an Elementary School Version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction , 1996 .

[41]  P. Young,et al.  Teaching for active learning , 2004 .