Phenomena and mechanisms: Putting the symbolic, connectionist, and dynamical systems debate in broader perspective

Cognitive science is, more than anything else, a pursuit of cognitive mechanisms. To make headway towards a mechanistic account of any particular cognitive phenomenon, a researcher must choose among the many architectures available to guide and constrain the account. It is thus fitting that this volume on contemporary debates in cognitive science includes two issues of architecture, each articulated in the 1980s but still unresolved:

[1]  S. S. Stevens On the psychophysical law. , 1957, Psychological review.

[2]  William Bechtel,et al.  Connectionism and the Mind: Parallel Processing, Dynamics, and Evolution in Networks , 2002 .

[3]  S. Pinker,et al.  On language and connectionism: Analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition , 1988, Cognition.

[4]  R. A. Koelling,et al.  Cues: Their Relative Effectiveness as a Function of the Reinforcer , 1968, Science.

[5]  R N Aslin,et al.  Statistical Learning by 8-Month-Old Infants , 1996, Science.

[6]  Sarah C. Creel,et al.  Distant melodies: statistical learning of nonadjacent dependencies in tone sequences. , 2004, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[7]  U. Neisser RISING SCORES ON INTELLIGENCE TESTS , 1997 .

[8]  R. Abraham,et al.  Dynamics--the geometry of behavior , 1983 .

[9]  J. Flynn Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. , 1987 .

[10]  A. Prince,et al.  Linguistic and Cognitive Explanation in Optimality Theory , 1999 .

[11]  Ernest Nagel,et al.  The Structure of Science , 1962 .

[12]  E. Newport,et al.  Learning at a distance I. Statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies , 2004, Cognitive Psychology.

[13]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Rules or connections in past-tense inflections: what does the evidence rule out? , 2002, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[14]  Robert A. Wilson,et al.  Explanation and Cognition , 2000 .

[15]  R. Brown,et al.  A First Language , 1973 .

[16]  James L. McClelland,et al.  ‘Words or Rules’ cannot exploit the regularity in exceptions , 2002, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[17]  F. Suppe The Structure of Scientific Theories. , 1975 .

[18]  James L. McClelland,et al.  On learning the past-tenses of English verbs: implicit rules or parallel distributed processing , 1986 .

[19]  P. Machamer,et al.  Thinking about Mechanisms , 2000, Philosophy of Science.

[20]  V. Marchman,et al.  From rote learning to system building: acquiring verb morphology in children and connectionist nets , 1993, Cognition.

[21]  S. Kuczaj The acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms , 1977 .

[22]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition : Psychological and Biological Models , 1986 .

[23]  T. Gelder,et al.  What Might Cognition Be, If Not Computation? , 1995 .

[24]  G. Kane Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, vol 1: Foundations, vol 2: Psychological and Biological Models , 1994 .

[25]  R. R. Bush,et al.  A mathematical model for simple learning. , 1951, Psychological review.

[26]  Eugene Galanter,et al.  Handbook of mathematical psychology: I. , 1963 .

[27]  H. Chertkow,et al.  Semantic memory , 2002, Current neurology and neuroscience reports.

[28]  A. Opstal Dynamic Patterns: The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior , 1995 .

[29]  P. Smolensky,et al.  Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar , 2004 .

[30]  A. Gopnik,et al.  The Development of Categorization in the Second Year and Its Relation to Other Cognitive and Linguistic Developments. , 1987 .

[31]  Dare A. Baldwin,et al.  Establishing word-object relations: a first step. , 1989, Child development.

[32]  Gavan Lintern,et al.  Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior , 1997, Complex.

[33]  K. Kaneko Clustering, coding, switching, hierarchical ordering, and control in a network of chaotic elements , 1990 .

[34]  E. Thelen,et al.  The dynamics of embodiment: A field theory of infant perseverative reaching , 2001, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[35]  S. Glennan Mechanisms and the nature of causation , 1996 .

[36]  W. Bechtel,et al.  A companion to cognitive science , 1999 .

[37]  S. Pinker,et al.  Combination and structure, not gradedness, is the issue , 2002, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[38]  Michael Gasser,et al.  The Development of Embodied Cognition: Six Lessons from Babies , 2005, Artificial Life.

[39]  C. Hempel,et al.  Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science. , 1966 .

[40]  G. Marcus The Algebraic Mind: Integrating Connectionism and Cognitive Science , 2001 .

[41]  Edward Mackinnon Aspects of Scientific Explanation: and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science , 1967 .

[42]  J. Elman,et al.  Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development , 1996 .

[43]  Marvin Minsky,et al.  Semantic Information Processing , 1968 .

[44]  Elissa L. Newport,et al.  Innately Constrained Learning: Blending Old and New Approaches to Language Acquisition , 2001 .

[45]  S. Pinker,et al.  The past and future of the past tense , 2002, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[46]  Ernst Heinrich Weber,et al.  De pulsu, resorptione, auditu et tactu. Annotationes anatomicae et physiologicae , 1834 .

[47]  W. Lycan Form, Function, and Feel , 1981 .

[48]  S. Glennan Rethinking Mechanistic Explanation , 2002, Philosophy of Science.

[49]  W. Bechtel,et al.  Explanation: a mechanist alternative. , 2005, Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences.

[50]  F. Suppe The Search for Philosophic Understanding of Scientific Theories , 1977 .

[51]  G. Fechner Elemente der Psychophysik , 1998 .

[52]  K. VanLehn Architectures for Intelligence: The Twenty-Second Carnegie Symposium on Cognition , 1990 .

[53]  R. Siegler Developmental Sequences within and between Concepts. , 1981 .

[54]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1: foundations , 1986 .

[55]  A Prince,et al.  Optimality: From Neural Networks to Universal Grammar , 1997, Science.

[56]  Eric H. Lenneberg,et al.  New directions in the study of language , 1964 .

[57]  Massimo Marraffa,et al.  The Life of cognitive science , 2004 .

[58]  van Leeuwen C,et al.  Stability and Intermittency in Large-Scale Coupled Oscillator Models for Perceptual Segmentation , 1997, Journal of mathematical psychology.

[59]  M. Manosevitz,et al.  High-Speed Scanning in Human Memory , 2022 .

[60]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Psychological and biological models , 1986 .

[61]  M. Resnik,et al.  Aspects of Scientific Explanation. , 1966 .

[62]  Philip Kitcher,et al.  Unification as a Regulative Ideal , 1999, Perspectives on Science.

[63]  W. Estes Toward a Statistical Theory of Learning. , 1994 .

[64]  E Thelen,et al.  Developmental origins of motor coordination: leg movements in human infants. , 1985, Developmental psychobiology.