Simulation of the Part Load Behavior of Combined Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle Systems

Pumped Thermal Energy Storages (PTES) are suitable for bridging temporary energy shortages, which may occur due to the utilization of renewable energy sources. A combined heat pump (HP)-Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system with suitable thermal storage offers a favorable way to store energy for small to medium sized applications. To address the aspect of flexibility, the part load behavior of a combined HP-ORC system, both having R1233zd(E) (Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene) as working fluid and being connected through a water filled sensible thermal energy storage, is investigated using a MATLAB code with integration of the fluid database REFPROP. The influence on the isentropic efficiency of the working machines and therefore the power to power efficiency (P2P) of the complete system is shown by variation of the mass flow and a temperature drop in the thermal storage. Further machine-specific parameters such as volumetric efficiency and internal leakage efficiency are also considered. The results show the performance characteristics of the PTES as a function of the load. While the drop in storage temperature has only slight effects on the P2P efficiency, the reduction in mass flow contributes to the biggest decrease in the efficiency. Furthermore, a simulation for dynamic load analysis of a small energy grid in a settlement is conducted to show the course of energy demand, supplied energy by photovoltaic (PV) systems, as well as the PTES performance indicators throughout an entire year. It is shown that the use of PTES is particularly useful in the period between winter and summer time, when demand and supplied photovoltaic energy are approximately equal.

[1]  C. Regensburger,et al.  Carnot battery: Simulation and design of a reversible heat pump-organic Rankine cycle pilot plant , 2021 .

[2]  S. Will,et al.  Pumped thermal energy storage with heat pump-ORC-systems: Comparison of latent and sensible thermal storages for various fluids , 2020 .

[3]  Vincent Lemort,et al.  Carnot battery technology: A state-of-the-art review , 2020 .

[4]  Yufeng Zhang,et al.  Performance evaluation and working fluid selection of combined heat pump and power generation system (HP-PGs) using multi-objective optimization , 2020 .

[5]  Guido Francesco Frate,et al.  Rankine Carnot Batteries with the Integration of Thermal Energy Sources: A Review , 2020 .

[6]  Servando Álvarez Domínguez,et al.  Building thermal storage technology: Compensating renewable energy fluctuations , 2020 .

[7]  M. Rosen,et al.  A review of energy storage types, applications and recent developments , 2020 .

[8]  Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia,et al.  Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Solar Energy Usages and Storage: An Overview , 2019, Energies.

[9]  K. Lee,et al.  Part load ratio characteristics and energy saving performance of standing column well geothermal heat pump system assisted with storage tank in an apartment , 2019, Energy.

[10]  Shinichi Inage,et al.  The role of large‐scale energy storage under high shares of renewable energy , 2019, Advances in Energy Systems.

[11]  W. Feng,et al.  Effect factors of part-load performance for various Organic Rankine cycles using in engine waste heat recovery , 2018, Energy Conversion and Management.

[12]  Bri-Mathias Hodge,et al.  The combined value of wind and solar power forecasting improvements and electricity storage , 2018 .

[13]  K. Müller,et al.  Study of the Crystallization and Melting Behavior of a Latent Heat Storage by Computed Tomography , 2018 .

[14]  Alessandro Romagnoli,et al.  Improving energy recovery efficiency by retrofitting a PCM-based technology to an ORC system operating under thermal power fluctuations , 2017 .

[15]  J. Schiffmann,et al.  Thermo-economic optimization of an ORC driven heat pump based on small scale turbomachinery and comparison with absorption heat pumps , 2017 .

[16]  Bing Zhao,et al.  Cyclic thermal characterization of a molten-salt packed-bed thermal energy storage for concentrating solar power , 2017 .

[17]  Alexander J. White,et al.  A comparison of radial-flow and axial-flow packed beds for thermal energy storage , 2017, Applied Energy.

[18]  Eric Martinot,et al.  Grid Integration of Renewable Energy: Flexibility, Innovation, and Experience , 2016 .

[19]  Nelson Fumo,et al.  Performance modeling and parametric study of a stratified water thermal storage tank , 2016 .

[20]  Steven Lecompte,et al.  Part load based thermo-economic optimization of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) applied to a combined heat and power (CHP) system , 2013 .

[21]  Guoyuan Ma,et al.  Influence of intake pressure on the performance of single screw expander working with compressed air , 2013 .

[22]  Qinggang Li,et al.  A new model of screw compressor for refrigeration system simulation , 2012 .

[23]  Christian J.L. Hermes,et al.  Experimental mapping of the thermodynamic losses in vapor compression refrigeration systems , 2011 .

[24]  Paul Denholm,et al.  Grid flexibility and storage required to achieve very high penetration of variable renewable electricity , 2011 .

[25]  G. Morrison,et al.  Effect of load pattern on solar-boosted heat pump water heater performance , 2007 .

[26]  Takahisa Yamamoto,et al.  Design and testing of the Organic Rankine Cycle , 2001 .

[27]  S. Deshmukh,et al.  An overview: Applications of thermal energy storage using phase change materials , 2020 .

[28]  Luisa F. Cabeza,et al.  Thermophysical characterization and thermal cycling stability of two TCM: CaCl2 and zeolite ☆ , 2015 .

[29]  Michele Pinelli,et al.  Comparison of a Single-Screw and a Scroll Expander under Part-Load Conditions for Low-Grade Heat Recovery ORC Systems , 2014 .

[30]  Vincent Lemort,et al.  Experimental investigation of a Scroll unit used as a compressor and as an expander in a reversible HP/ORC unit , 2014 .

[31]  David Infield,et al.  Part-load characteristics of Organic-Rankine-Cycles , 2011 .