Strain‐Responsive Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Halogen‐Free Polymers for Early Damage Reporting through Phosphorescence Lifetime and Image Analysis

Mechanically responsive materials (MRMs) usually showing observable changes in emission intensity (mechanochromic) under force stimuli have garnered increasing interest due to their broad range of potential applications. Relative to usual mechanochromic materials, a kind of alternative MRMs with changeable lifetime upon force stimuli in terms of mechanodecay is proposed. A catalog of novel MRMs with both mechanochromic and mechanodecay characteristics is reported. Halogen‐free semicrystalline polymers doped with chromophores showing bright and ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) under ambient conditions are facilely fabricated through melt blending approaches. Upon being stretched or compressed, the RTP polymers show abundant changes in fluorescence intensity, emission color, RTP intensity, and RTP lifetime. Such RTP polymers with multiple strain‐responsive visual signals offer a kind of new MRMs useful for visually sensing the deformation of materials. Leveraging remarkable change in RTP lifetime under force stimuli, deformation process of polymers is investigated through phosphorescence lifetime and image analysis. Early damage warning for engineering polymers is achieved. Given the merits of high sensitivity, multiple visual signals, low cost, and simple operation, such RTP polymers provide a class of new MRMs useful for deformation sensing and early damage reporting of engineering materials.

[1]  Guodong Liang,et al.  Deep‐Blue Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Halogen‐Free Organic Materials through Cage Effect for Various Applications , 2021, Advanced Optical Materials.

[2]  Zhen Li,et al.  Multistage Stimulus-Responsive Room Temperature Phosphorescence Based on Host-Guest Doping Systems. , 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

[3]  H. Fu,et al.  High Contrast and Bright Emission Piezochromic Fluorescence in Organic Crystals via Pressure Modulated Exciton Coupling Effect , 2021, Advanced Optical Materials.

[4]  Zhen Li,et al.  Different molecular conformation and packing determining mechanochromism and room-temperature phosphorescence , 2021, Science China Materials.

[5]  H. Tian,et al.  Activating Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic Luminophores via External Heavy-Atom Effect and Rigidity of Ionic Polymer Matrix. , 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

[6]  C. Weder,et al.  Folded Perylene Diimide Loops as Mechanoresponsive Motifs. , 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

[7]  H. Tian,et al.  A Universal Strategy for Organic Fluid Phosphorescence Materials. , 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

[8]  Yulan Chen,et al.  Developing real-time mechanochromic probes for polymeric materials , 2021, Chem.

[9]  R. Xie,et al.  Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review , 2021, Advanced materials.

[10]  Zhen Li,et al.  Force-induced turn-on persistent room temperature phosphorescence in purely organic luminogen. , 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

[11]  Zhen Li,et al.  Luminous Butterflies: Rational Molecular Design to Optimize Crystal Packing for Dramatically Enhanced Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence , 2021, Advanced Optical Materials.

[12]  C. Lv,et al.  Red to Near-Infrared Mechanochromism from Metal-free Polycrystals: Noncovalent Conformational Locks Facilitating Wide-Range Redshift. , 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  Bin Xu,et al.  Recent Advances in Mechanism of AIE Mechanochromic Materials , 2021, Chemical Research in Chinese Universities.

[14]  Guodong Liang,et al.  Simultaneous promotion of efficiency and lifetime of organic phosphorescence for self-referenced temperature sensing , 2020 .

[15]  Zhimin Ma,et al.  Robust White‐Light Emitting and Multi‐Responsive Luminescence of a Dual‐Mode Phosphorescence Molecule , 2020, Advanced Optical Materials.

[16]  Yeqiang Tan,et al.  Color‐Tunable, Excitation‐Dependent, and Time‐Dependent Afterglows from Pure Organic Amorphous Polymers , 2020, Advanced materials.

[17]  C. Adachi,et al.  Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence from a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Compound , 2020, Advanced materials.

[18]  A. Batsanov,et al.  Carbazole isomers induce ultralong organic phosphorescence , 2020, Nature Materials.

[19]  Qiushui Chen,et al.  Organic phosphors with bright triplet excitons for efficient X-ray-excited luminescence , 2020, Nature Photonics.

[20]  B. Tang,et al.  Room-temperature phosphorescence from organic aggregates , 2020, Nature Reviews Materials.

[21]  Junrong Zheng,et al.  Wide-Range Color-Tunable Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Materials for Printable and Writable Security Inks. , 2020, Angewandte Chemie.

[22]  Katsunori Tanaka,et al.  Mechanochromic Delayed Fluorescence Switching in Propeller-Shaped Carbazole-Isophthalonitrile Luminogens with Stimuli-Responsive Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excited States. , 2020, Angewandte Chemie.

[23]  Lili Huang,et al.  Stimuli-Responsive Purely Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Materials. , 2020, Chemistry.

[24]  Shuming Bai,et al.  Highly Sensitive and Easily Recoverable Excitonic Piezochromic Fluorescent Materials for Haptic Sensors and Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications , 2020, Advanced Functional Materials.

[25]  Zhen Li,et al.  Partially Controlling Molecular Packing to Achieve Off–On Mechanochromism through Ingenious Molecular Design , 2020, Advanced Optical Materials.

[26]  Hongwei Wu,et al.  Color-tunable ultralong organic room temperature phosphorescence from a multicomponent copolymer , 2020, Nature Communications.

[27]  W. Yuan,et al.  Accessing Tunable Afterglows from Highly Twisted Nonaromatic Organic AIEgens via Effective Through-Space Conjugation. , 2020, Angewandte Chemie.

[28]  Gang Chen,et al.  Pressure-Induced Blue-Shifted and Enhanced Emission: A Cooper-ative Effect between Aggregation-Induced Emission and Energy-Transfer Suppression. , 2020, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[29]  Ian D. Williams,et al.  New Wine in Old Bottle: Prolonging Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Crown Ethers by Supramolecular Interactions. , 2020, Angewandte Chemie.

[30]  Hongwei Wu,et al.  Molecular engineering for metal-free amorphous room-temperature phosphorescent materials. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[31]  K. Müllen,et al.  5,6,12,13-Tetraazaperopyrenes as Unique Photonic and Mechanochromic Fluorophores. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[32]  Qingyuan Yang,et al.  Crystal-state Photochromism and Dual-mode Mechanochromism of an Organic Molecule with Fluorescence, RT Phosphorescence and DF. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[33]  Guodong Liang,et al.  Long-Lived Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Visual and Quantitative Detection of Oxygen. , 2019, Angewandte Chemie.

[34]  M. Silberstein,et al.  Enabling Room-Temperature Mechanochromic Activation in a Glassy Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization of Spiropyran Polycarbonate. , 2019, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[35]  B. Tang,et al.  Boosting the efficiency of organic persistent room-temperature phosphorescence by intramolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer , 2019, Nature Communications.

[36]  Bo Zou,et al.  Piezochromic Luminescence of Donor-Acceptor Cocrystals: Distinct Responses to Anisotropic Grinding and Isotropic Compression. , 2018, Angewandte Chemie.

[37]  Yangju Lin,et al.  Regiochemical Effects on Mechanophore Activation in Bulk Materials. , 2018, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[38]  Ben Zhong Tang,et al.  Dynamic Visualization of Stress/Strain Distribution and Fatigue Crack Propagation by an Organic Mechanoresponsive AIE Luminogen , 2018, Advanced materials.