Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking. Part I: introduction to concepts, power transfer, dynamics and simulations.
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] S. Stanhope,et al. The effect of variation in knee center location estimates on net knee joint moments. , 1998, Gait & posture.
[2] Tad McGeer,et al. Passive Dynamic Walking , 1990, Int. J. Robotics Res..
[3] Hiroshi Shimizu,et al. Self-organized control of bipedal locomotion by neural oscillators in unpredictable environment , 1991, Biological Cybernetics.
[4] S L Delp,et al. A graphics-based software system to develop and analyze models of musculoskeletal structures. , 1995, Computers in biology and medicine.
[5] Gentaro Taga,et al. A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for human locomotion , 1995, Biological Cybernetics.
[6] E. Chao,et al. Application of optimization principles in determining the applied moments in human leg joints during gait. , 1973, Journal of biomechanics.
[7] Gentaro Taga,et al. A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for anticipatory adjustment of human locomotion during obstacle avoidance , 1998, Biological Cybernetics.
[8] T P Andriacchi,et al. Joint Loading With Valgus Bracing in Patients With Varus Gonarthrosis , 1997, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[9] R. Brand,et al. Comparison of hip force calculations and measurements in the same patient. , 1994, The Journal of arthroplasty.
[10] S Y Aleshinsky,et al. An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem--IV. Criticism of the concept of 'energy transfers within and between links'. , 1986, Journal of biomechanics.
[11] Roy D. Crowninshield,et al. Use of Optimization Techniques to Predict Muscle Forces , 1978 .
[12] Virgilio Tosi,et al. Biolocomotion : a century of research using moving pictures , 1992 .
[13] A. Kuo. A least-squares estimation approach to improving the precision of inverse dynamics computations. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[14] G E Caldwell,et al. Estimates of mechanical work and energy transfers: demonstration of a rigid body power model of the recovery leg in gait. , 1992, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
[15] P O Riley,et al. Torque action of two-joint muscles in the swing period of stiff-legged gait: a forward dynamic model analysis. , 1998, Journal of biomechanics.
[16] S. Delp,et al. How Superior Placement of the Joint Center in Hip Arthroplasty Affects the Abductor Muscles , 1996, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[17] A. L. Hof. The force resulting from the action of mono-and biarticular muscles in a limb , 2001 .
[18] R M Patterson,et al. Measurement of carpal bone geometry by computer analysis of three-dimensional CT images. , 1993, The Journal of hand surgery.
[19] N Yamazaki,et al. Biomechanical analysis of the development of human bipedal walking by a neuro-musculo-skeletal model. , 1996, Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology.
[20] C. Spoor,et al. On the role of biarticular muscles in human jumping. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.
[21] R R Neptune,et al. General coordination principles elucidated by forward dynamics: minimum fatique does not explain muscle excitation in dynamic tasks. , 2000, Motor control.
[22] T. Buchanan,et al. A model of load sharing between muscles and soft tissues at the human knee during static tasks. , 1996, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[23] R. Brand,et al. The biomechanics and motor control of human gait: Normal, elderly, and pathological , 1992 .
[24] L. Schutte,et al. Lengths of hamstrings and psoas muscles during crouch gait: Effects of femoral anteversion , 1997, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[25] M. O. Hellera,et al. Musculo-skeletal loading conditions at the hip during walking and stair climbing , 2001 .
[26] D A Winter,et al. A mathematical model for the dynamics of human locomotion. , 1980, Journal of biomechanics.
[27] M L Audu,et al. A dynamic optimization technique for predicting muscle forces in the swing phase of gait. , 1987, Journal of biomechanics.
[28] D. Kerrigan,et al. Kinetics of stiff-legged gait: induced acceleration analysis. , 1999, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
[29] J. Challis,et al. Accuracy assessment and control point configuration when using the DLT for photogrammetry. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.
[30] F.E. Zajac,et al. An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.
[31] Gary Tad Yamaguchi,et al. Dynamic Modeling of Musculoskeletal Motion , 2001 .
[32] M G Pandy,et al. Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically equivalent. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.
[33] H Hatze,et al. A comprehensive model for human motion simulation and its application to the take-off phase of the long jump. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[34] T. Mulder,et al. Clinical gait analysis in a rehabilitation context: some controversial issues , 1998, Clinical rehabilitation.
[35] H. Hatze. The fundamental problem of myoskeletal inverse dynamics and its implications. , 2002, Journal of biomechanics.
[36] T P Andriacchi,et al. The anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee with varus alignment , 1992, The American journal of sports medicine.
[37] A. J. van den Bogert,et al. Intrinsic muscle properties facilitate locomotor control - a computer simulation study. , 1998, Motor control.
[38] T. Fukunaga,et al. Muscle architecture and function in humans. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.
[39] R. Gregor,et al. In vivo moment arm calculations at the ankle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.
[40] T. Flash,et al. The coordination of arm movements: an experimentally confirmed mathematical model , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
[41] S. Olney,et al. Temporal, kinematic, and kinetic variables related to gait speed in subjects with hemiplegia: a regression approach. , 1994, Physical therapy.
[42] S. Delp,et al. Internal rotation gait: a compensatory mechanism to restore abduction capacity decreased by bone deformity? , 1996, Developmental medicine and child neurology.
[43] R R Neptune,et al. Optimization algorithm performance in determining optimal controls in human movement analyses. , 1999, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[44] D. Sutherland,et al. The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking. , 1980, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.
[45] S Siegler,et al. Simulation of human gait with the aid of a simple mechanical model. , 1982, Journal of biomechanics.
[46] F.E. Zajac,et al. Restoring unassisted natural gait to paraplegics via functional neuromuscular stimulation: a computer simulation study , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.
[47] Nobutoshi Yamazaki,et al. Generation of human bipedal locomotion by a bio-mimetic neuro-musculo-skeletal model , 2001, Biological Cybernetics.
[48] D. A. Brown,et al. Sensorimotor state of the contralateral leg affects ipsilateral muscle coordination of pedaling. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.
[49] D. Sutherland. The evolution of clinical gait analysis part l: kinesiological EMG. , 2001, Gait & posture.
[50] M. Bobbert,et al. The unique action of bi-articular muscles in complex movements. , 1987, Journal of anatomy.
[51] D. Winter. Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and knee during fast, natural, and slow cadences. , 1983, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[52] S. Gard,et al. The effect of pelvic list on the vertical displacement of the trunk during normal walking , 1997 .
[53] D. A. Winter,et al. Joit torque and energy patterns in normal gait , 1978, Biological Cybernetics.
[54] Arthur D. Kuo,et al. The Action of Two-joint Muscles : the Legacy of W . P . Lombard , 2002 .
[55] W Herzog,et al. Force‐Sharing Among Synergistic Muscles: Theoretical Considerations and Experimental Approaches , 1996, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.
[56] M. Hulliger,et al. Proprioceptive control of posture: a review of new concepts. , 1998, Gait & posture.
[57] S. Delp,et al. Scaling of peak moment arms of elbow muscles with upper extremity bone dimensions. , 2002, Journal of biomechanics.
[58] Herbert Elftman,et al. FORCES AND ENERGY CHANGES IN THE LEG DURING WALKING , 1939 .
[59] A. Kuo. A simple model of bipedal walking predicts the preferred speed-step length relationship. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[60] T. Andriacchi,et al. Gait compensations in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and their relationship to pain and passive hip motion , 1997, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[61] F. Zajac. Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. , 1989, Critical reviews in biomedical engineering.
[62] Riley,et al. The modelling of adult spastic paretic stiff-legged gait swing period based on actual kinematic data. , 1998, Gait & posture.
[63] G. J. van Ingen Schenau,et al. The constrained control of force and position in multi-joint movements , 1992, Neuroscience.
[64] G Németh,et al. In vivo moment arm lengths for hip extensor muscles at different angles of hip flexion. , 1985, Journal of biomechanics.
[65] T. Andriacchi,et al. Musculoskeletal dynamics, locomotion, and clinical applications , 1991 .
[66] W Herzog,et al. Validation of optimization models that estimate the forces exerted by synergistic muscles. , 1991, Journal of biomechanics.
[67] R. Neptune,et al. The effect of pedaling rate on coordination in cycling. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.
[68] T. Andriacchi. Functional analysis of pre and post-knee surgery: total knee arthroplasty and ACL reconstruction. , 1993, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[69] G E Loeb,et al. Morphometry of human thigh muscles. Determination of fascicle architecture by magnetic resonance imaging. , 1993, Journal of anatomy.
[70] J. Collins,et al. Biomechanical gait alterations independent of speed in the healthy elderly: evidence for specific limiting impairments. , 1998, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
[71] F E Zajac,et al. A state-space analysis of mechanical energy generation, absorption, and transfer during pedaling. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.
[72] Y. C. Cho. Applications of Digital Image Processing 11 , 1988 .
[73] A. Kuo,et al. Active control of lateral balance in human walking. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.
[74] M. Pandy,et al. Optimal muscular coordination strategies for jumping. , 1991, Journal of biomechanics.
[75] J. Czerniecki,et al. The role of ankle plantar flexor muscle work during walking. , 1998, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.
[76] Jack M. Winters,et al. Modeling Musculoskeletal Movement Systems: Joint and Body Segmental Dynamics, Musculoskeletal Actuation, and Neuromuscular Control , 1990 .
[77] B. Prilutsky,et al. Role of the muscle belly and tendon of soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris in mechanical energy absorption and generation during cat locomotion. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.
[78] J. van den Berg,et al. EMG to force processing IV: Eccentric-concentric contractions on a spring-flywheel set up. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[79] Scott L. Delp,et al. A computational framework for simulating and analyzing human and animal movement , 2000, Comput. Sci. Eng..
[80] N. Zheng,et al. An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise. , 1998, Journal of biomechanics.
[81] F. Zajac,et al. Biomechanical analysis of the Chiari pelvic osteotomy. Preserving hip abductor strength. , 1990, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[82] R. McN. Alexander,et al. Simple Models of Human Movement , 1995 .
[83] H. J. de Jongh,et al. Changes in Hip Muscles After Above‐Knee Amputation , 1995, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[84] S J Piazza,et al. Three-dimensional dynamic simulation of total knee replacement motion during a step-up task. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[85] S. Simon. Gait Analysis, Normal and Pathological Function. , 1993 .
[86] H Hatze. Comments on 'theoretical considerations on cocontraction of sets of agonistic and antagonistic muscles.'. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.
[87] S. Delp,et al. Variation of rotation moment arms with hip flexion. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.
[88] S. Delp,et al. The influence of muscles on knee flexion during the swing phase of gait. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.
[89] C. Spoor,et al. Knee muscle moment arms from MRI and from tendon travel. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.
[90] D. Winter,et al. Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking. , 1980, Journal of biomechanics.
[91] A. Thorstensson,et al. Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion. , 1997, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.
[92] S. Gard,et al. The influence of stance-phase knee flexion on the vertical displacement of the trunk during normal walking. , 1999, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
[93] F E Zajac,et al. Muscle coordination of movement: a perspective. , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.
[94] J P Broker,et al. Mechanical energy management in cycling: source relations and energy expenditure. , 1994, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
[95] H. Hatze,et al. The inverse dynamics problem of neuromuscular control , 2000, Biological Cybernetics.
[96] H. Hatze,et al. A complete set of control equations for the human musculo-skeletal system. , 1977, Journal of biomechanics.
[97] M. Bobbert,et al. Mechanical output from individual muscles during explosive leg extensions: the role of biarticular muscles. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.
[98] D A Winter,et al. A multisegment computer simulation of normal human gait. , 1997, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
[99] S. Aleshinsky. An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem--II. Movement of the multi-link chain model. , 1986, Journal of biomechanics.
[100] Gentaro Taga,et al. Emergence of bipedal locomotion through entrainment among the neuro-musculo-skeletal system and the , 1994 .
[101] P R Cavanagh,et al. Power equations in endurance sports. , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.
[102] T. Andriacchi. Dynamics of pathological motion: applied to the anterior cruciate deficient knee. , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.
[103] A J van Soest,et al. Two-joint muscles offer the solution, but what was the problem? , 2000, Motor control.
[104] J. Challis. Accuracy of Human Limb Moment of Inertia Estimations and Their influence on Resultant Joint Moments , 1996 .
[105] S. Olney,et al. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. , 1999, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
[106] R. McNeill Alexander,et al. Mechanics and energetics of animal locomotion , 1977 .
[107] S. Delp,et al. Accuracy of muscle moment arms estimated from MRI-based musculoskeletal models of the lower extremity. , 2000, Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.
[108] S. Jonic,et al. Three machine learning techniques for automatic determination of rules to control locomotion , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.
[109] F E Zajac,et al. Modeling and simulation of paraplegic ambulation in a reciprocating gait orthosis. , 1995, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[110] F. Zajac,et al. A musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity: the effect of muscle, tendon, and moment arm on the moment-angle relationship of musculotendon actuators at the hip, knee, and ankle. , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.
[111] D. Winter,et al. Analysis of instantaneous energy of normal gait. , 1976, Journal of biomechanics.
[112] M. Pandy,et al. Quantitative assessment of gait determinants during single stance via a three-dimensional model--Part 1. Normal gait. , 1989, Journal of biomechanics.
[113] A. J. van den Bogert,et al. Standard mechanical energy analyses do not correlate with muscle work in cycling. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.
[114] F. Zajac,et al. Locomotor strategy for pedaling: muscle groups and biomechanical functions. , 1999, Journal of neurophysiology.
[115] S. Delp,et al. Length changes of the hamstrings and adductors resulting from derotational osteotomies of the femur , 1999, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[116] A. Hof,et al. In vivo measurement of the series elasticity release curve of human triceps surae muscle. , 1998, Journal of biomechanics.
[117] T. Andriacchi,et al. Effect of piroxicam on gait in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. , 1993, Arthritis and rheumatism.
[118] J. Lehmann,et al. Biomechanics of Normal Gait , 1992 .
[119] T. Kepple,et al. Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait , 1997 .
[120] M. Pandy,et al. Storage and utilization of elastic strain energy during jumping. , 1993, Journal of Biomechanics.
[121] T. McGeer,et al. Principles of Walking and Running , 1992 .
[122] W Herzog,et al. Analytic analysis of the force sharing among synergistic muscles in one- and two-degree-of-freedom models. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.
[123] R. B. Davis. Reflections on clinical gait analysis. , 1997, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.
[124] 宇野 洋二,et al. Formation and control of optimal trajectory in human multijoint arm movement : minimum torque-change model , 1988 .
[125] D. Winter,et al. Gait in the elderly , 1997 .
[126] Nobutoshi Yamazaki,et al. Computer Simulation of the Ontogeny of Bipedal Walking , 1998 .
[127] R. R. NEPTUNE,et al. A Method for Numerical Simulation of Single Limb Ground Contact Events: Application to Heel-Toe Running , 2000, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.
[128] Walter Herzog,et al. Authors’ response‘Theoretical Considerations on Cocontraction of sets of agonistic and antagonistic muscles’ , 2001 .
[129] J. Lehmann,et al. Biomechanics of Abnormal Gait , 1992 .
[130] H. Hatze,et al. Neuromusculoskeletal control systems modeling--A critical survey of recent developments , 1980 .
[131] E Y Chao,et al. Validation of Three‐dimensional Reconstructions of Knee Anatomy: CT vs MR Imaging , 1989, Journal of computer assisted tomography.
[132] S R Simon,et al. Analysis and synthesis of human swing leg motion during gait and its clinical applications. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[133] H. K. Ramakrishnan,et al. Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait , 1989, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[134] S R Simon,et al. A viscoelastic sphere model for the representation of plantar soft tissue during simulations. , 1998, Journal of biomechanics.
[135] Richard A. Brand,et al. The biomechanics and motor control of human gait: Normal, elderly, and pathological , 1992 .
[136] S. Delp,et al. Effects of hip center location on the moment-generating capacity of the muscles. , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.
[137] Daniel P. Ferris,et al. 10 Biomechanics of Walking and Running: Center of Mass Movements to Muscle Action , 1998, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.
[138] T. McMahon,et al. Ballistic walking: an improved model , 1980 .
[139] Arthur D Kuo,et al. Energetics of actively powered locomotion using the simplest walking model. , 2002, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[140] J. Challis,et al. Quantification of the uncertainties in resultant joint moments computed in a dynamic activity. , 1996, Journal of sports sciences.
[141] J. van den Berg,et al. EMG to force processing I: An electrical analogue of the Hill muscle model. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[142] T McGeer,et al. Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion. , 1993, Journal of theoretical biology.
[143] T P Andriacchi,et al. Functional Testing in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament‐Deficient Knee , 1993, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[144] S Y Aleshinsky,et al. An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem--III. Mechanical energy expenditure reduction during one link motion. , 1986, Journal of biomechanics.
[145] J. van den Berg,et al. EMG to force processing III: Estimation of model parameters for the human triceps surae muscle and assessment of the accuracy by means of a torque plate. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[146] R W Norman,et al. Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography: implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4/L5 joint. , 1988, Journal of biomechanics.
[147] J. Hamill,et al. The swing phase of human walking is not a passive movement. , 2000, Motor control.
[148] W Herzog,et al. Transfer of mechanical energy between ankle and knee joints by gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles during cat locomotion. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.
[149] F. Zajac,et al. Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.
[150] M L Hull,et al. Evaluation of performance criteria for simulation of submaximal steady-state cycling using a forward dynamic model. , 1997, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[151] R W Mann,et al. Hip muscle co-contraction: evidence from concurrent in vivo pressure measurement and force estimation. , 1999, Gait & posture.
[152] H. Ralston,et al. Energy levels of human body segments during level walking. , 1969, Ergonomics.
[153] Gerrit Jan VAN INGEN SCHENAU,et al. From rotation to translation: Constraints on multi-joint movements and the unique action of bi-articular muscles , 1989 .
[154] Wilson C. Hayes,et al. Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics , 1995 .
[155] R R Neptune,et al. Muscle contributions to specific biomechanical functions do not change in forward versus backward pedaling. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.
[156] T. Andriacchi,et al. The influence of walking mechanics and time on the results of proximal tibial osteotomy. , 1990, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.
[157] McGibbon,et al. The influence of segment endpoint kinematics on segmental power calculations. , 1998, Gait & posture.
[158] R B Stein,et al. Optimal control of walking with functional electrical stimulation: a computer simulation study. , 1999, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
[159] S Y Aleshinsky,et al. An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem--I. Basic concepts, description of the model, analysis of a one-link system movement. , 1986, Journal of biomechanics.
[160] T. Andriacchi,et al. Knee adduction moment, serum hyaluronan level, and disease severity in medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. , 1998, Arthritis and rheumatism.
[161] David E. Hardt,et al. Determining Muscle Forces in the Leg During Normal Human Walking—An Application and Evaluation of Optimization Methods , 1978 .
[162] S. Delp,et al. Rotational moment arms of the medial hamstrings and adductors vary with femoral geometry and limb position: implications for the treatment of internally rotated gait. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.
[163] D. Kerrigan,et al. Rectus femoris: its role in normal gait. , 1999, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
[164] W. J. Beek,et al. Hemiplegic gait: a kinematic analysis using walking speed as a basis. , 1992, Journal of biomechanics.
[165] Andy Ruina,et al. Clinical Applications of Musculoskeletal Models in Orthopedics and Rehabilitation , 2000 .
[166] Thomas P. Andriacchi,et al. Gait biomechanics and the evolution of total joint replacement , 1997 .
[167] H Hatze,et al. Practical activation and retention of locomotion constraints in neuromusculoskeletal control system models. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[168] M. Coleman,et al. The simplest walking model: stability, complexity, and scaling. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[169] A. Hof,et al. Calf muscle work and segment energy changes in human treadmill walking. , 1992, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.
[170] S. Simon,et al. Role of the posterior calf muscles in normal gait. , 1978, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.
[171] F. Zajac. Understanding muscle coordination of the human leg with dynamical simulations. , 2002, Journal of biomechanics.
[172] T. Andriacchi,et al. Gait Adaptations by Patients Who Have a Deficient Anterior Cruciate Ligament , 1990 .
[173] M. Kadaba,et al. Repeatability of phasic muscle activity: Performance of surface and intramuscular wire electrodes in gait analysis , 1985, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[174] S. Delp,et al. Trochanteric transfer in total hip replacement: Effects on the moment arms and force‐generating capacities of the hip abductors , 1996, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[175] E. Zehr,et al. What functions do reflexes serve during human locomotion? , 1999, Progress in Neurobiology.
[176] F. Zajac,et al. Determining Muscle's Force and Action in Multi‐Articular Movement , 1989, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.
[177] Paul Allard,et al. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Human Locomotion , 1998 .
[178] F. Zajac,et al. Force- and moment-generating capacity of lower-extremity muscles before and after tendon lengthening. , 1992, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
[179] M. Bobbert,et al. The Unique Action of Bi-Articular Muscles in Leg Extensions , 1990 .
[180] Winter Da. Biomechanics of human movement with applications to the study of human locomotion. , 1984 .
[181] G. Zilvold,et al. Consistency of surface EMG patterns obtained during gait from three laboratories using standardised measurement technique , 1997 .
[182] M G Pandy,et al. Optimal control of non-ballistic muscular movements: a constraint-based performance criterion for rising from a chair. , 1995, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[183] J. Murray,et al. Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion. , 1978 .
[184] A Baca. Precise determination of anthropometric dimensions by means of image processing methods for estimating human body segment parameter values. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.
[185] T. Andriacchi,et al. A relationship between gait and clinical changes following high tibial osteotomy. , 1985, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.
[186] J M Mansour,et al. Simulation of the double limb support phase of human gait. , 1988, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[187] J. van den Berg,et al. EMG to force processing II: Estimation of parameters of the Hill muscle model for the human triceps surae by means of a calfergometer. , 1981, Journal of biomechanics.
[188] J H Challis,et al. An examination of procedures for determining body segment attitude and position from noisy biomechanical data. , 1995, Medical engineering & physics.
[189] J B King,et al. Gait Analysis. An Introduction , 1992 .
[190] H. Elftman. THE FUNCTION OF MUSCLES IN LOCOMOTION , 1939 .
[191] Antonio Pedotti,et al. Optimization of muscle-force sequencing in human locomotion , 1978 .
[192] G. Cavagna,et al. The role of gravity in human walking: pendular energy exchange, external work and optimal speed , 2000, The Journal of physiology.
[193] F. Zajac,et al. Muscle coordination of maximum-speed pedaling. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.
[194] M. Pandy,et al. Synthesis of human walking: a planar model for single support. , 1988, Journal of biomechanics.
[195] M. Kawato,et al. Formation and control of optimal trajectory in human multijoint arm movement , 1989, Biological Cybernetics.
[196] E Y Chao,et al. Simulation and animation of musculoskeletal joint system. , 1993, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[197] T P Andriacchi,et al. Hip motion and moments during gait relate directly to proximal femoral bone mineral density in patients with hip osteoarthritis. , 1998, Journal of biomechanics.
[198] S. Delp,et al. Preserving plantar flexion strength after surgical treatment for contracture of the triceps surae: A computer simulation study , 1995, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[199] Gentaro Taga,et al. A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for human locomotion , 1995, Biological Cybernetics.
[200] Mark L. Latash,et al. Classics in Movement Science , 2001 .
[201] A. V. van Soest,et al. Which factors determine the optimal pedaling rate in sprint cycling? , 2000, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
[202] R. Kram,et al. Metabolic cost of generating horizontal forces during human running. , 1999, Journal of applied physiology.
[203] S. Olney,et al. Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part I: Characteristics , 1996 .
[204] M L Hull,et al. A comparison of muscular mechanical energy expenditure and internal work in cycling. , 1994, Journal of biomechanics.
[205] S. Delp,et al. Hamstrings and psoas lengths during normal and crouch gait: Implications for muscle‐tendon surgery , 1996, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[206] J. Challis,et al. The role of the heel pad and shank soft tissue during impacts: a further resolution of a paradox. , 2001, Journal of biomechanics.
[207] Arnold Baca,et al. Contact-free determination of human body segment parameters by means of videometric image processing of an anthropomorphic body model , 1993, Optics & Photonics.
[208] S. Delp,et al. Transfer of the rectus femoris: effects of transfer site on moment arms about the knee and hip. , 1994, Journal of biomechanics.
[209] A. Bryson,et al. Estimating net joint torques from kinesiological data using optimal linear system theory , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.
[210] Richard Quint van der Linde,et al. Passive bipedal walking with phasic muscle contraction , 1999, Biological Cybernetics.
[211] A. Hof,et al. Comparison between EMG to force processing and kinetic analysis for the calf muscle moment in walking and stepping. , 1987, Journal of biomechanics.
[212] K. Deluzio,et al. Principal component models of knee kinematics and kinetics: Normal vs. pathological gait patterns , 1997 .
[213] Z Ladin,et al. A video-based system for the estimation of the inertial properties of body segments. , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.
[214] Peter Monk,et al. A new approach to detecting leukemia: using computational electromagnetics , 1995 .
[215] J. van den Berg,et al. Calf muscle moment, work and efficiency in level walking; role of series elasticity. , 1983, Journal of biomechanics.
[216] D. Kerrigan,et al. A refined view of the determinants of gait. , 2001, Gait & posture.
[217] Marcus G. Pandy,et al. Dynamic Simulation of Human Movement Using Large-Scale Models of the Body , 2000, Phonetica.
[218] D. Macdonald. Human walking, 2nd edn: Edited by Jessica Rose & James G. Gamble. Williams & Wilkins, 1994 , 1996 .
[219] R J Full,et al. How animals move: an integrative view. , 2000, Science.
[220] A. Minetti,et al. A theory of metabolic costs for bipedal gaits. , 1997, Journal of theoretical biology.
[221] Les S. Jennings,et al. Performance objectives in human movement: A review and application to the stance phase of normal walking , 1989 .
[222] Philip E. Martin,et al. Estimating segment inertial properties: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with existing methods. , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.
[223] R R Neptune,et al. Knee joint loading in forward versus backward pedaling: implications for rehabilitation strategies. , 2000, Clinical biomechanics.
[224] M G Pandy,et al. Computer modeling and simulation of human movement. , 2001, Annual review of biomedical engineering.
[225] V. Edgerton,et al. Physiological cross‐sectional area of human leg muscles based on magnetic resonance imaging , 1992, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
[226] R. Neptune,et al. A theoretical analysis of preferred pedaling rate selection in endurance cycling. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.
[227] Arthur D. Kuo,et al. Stabilization of Lateral Motion in Passive Dynamic Walking , 1999, Int. J. Robotics Res..
[228] J. Delisa. Gait analysis in the science of rehabilitation , 1998 .
[229] M. Pandy,et al. Dynamic optimization of human walking. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.
[230] J. P. Paul,et al. Paper 8: Forces Transmitted by Joints in the Human Body: , 1966 .
[231] K. Pearson,et al. Reversal of the influence of group Ib afferents from plantaris on activity in medial gastrocnemius muscle during locomotor activity. , 1993, Journal of neurophysiology.
[232] A S Arnold,et al. Do the hamstrings and adductors contribute to excessive internal rotation of the hip in persons with cerebral palsy? , 2000, Gait & posture.
[233] W Herzog,et al. Theoretical considerations on cocontraction of sets of agonistic and antagonistic muscles. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.
[234] V M Zatsiorsky,et al. Tendon action of two-joint muscles: transfer of mechanical energy between joints during jumping, landing, and running. , 1994, Journal of biomechanics.
[235] S. Aleshinsky. An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem--V. The mechanical energy expenditure reduction during motion of the multi-link system. , 1986, Journal of biomechanics.