Synthesis of PbTiO3 Nanotubes by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We report on the synthesis of PbTiO3 nanotubes by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Single-crystal ZnO nanorods grown on SiO2/Si by a self-assembly process using MOCVD were used as a positive template. Subsequently, the ZnO nanorods were uniformly covered with PbTiO3 by MOCVD. Then, ZnO was etched away using HCl and PbTiO3 nanotubes were obtained. The diameters and wall thicknesses of typical PbTiO3 nanotubes were 100–250 and 40–100 nm, respectively. Ferroelectricity in the PbTiO3 nanotubes was confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy, which also revealed that PbTiO3 nanotubes exhibited large effective piezoelectric coefficients of 150–200 pm/V and a large electrically induced strain of ~0.8% of the diameter.

[1]  Masaru Shtmizu,et al.  Preparation of PZT thin films by MOCVD using a new Pb precursor , 1995 .

[2]  K. Mori,et al.  Micropatterning of ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 using electron-beam-induced reaction of metal octylate films , 1996 .

[3]  Hironori Fujisawa,et al.  Step Coverage Characteristics of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Thin Films on Various Electrode Materials by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition , 1997 .

[4]  J. Melngailis,et al.  Scaling of ferroelectric properties in thin films , 1999 .

[5]  U. Gösele,et al.  Patterning and switching of nanosize ferroelectric memory cells , 1999 .

[6]  Thomas Tybell,et al.  Ferroelectricity in thin perovskite films , 1999 .

[7]  H. Fujisawa,et al.  Observations of Island Structures at the Initial Growth Stage of PbZrxTi1-xO3 Thin Films Prepared by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition , 2000 .

[8]  K. Kita,et al.  Low-Temperature Fabrication of Ir/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Ir Capacitors Solely by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition , 2001 .

[9]  Y. Eugene Pak,et al.  Principle of ferroelectric domain imaging using atomic force microscope , 2001 .

[10]  Paul Muralt,et al.  Size effect in mesoscopic epitaxial ferroelectric structures: Increase of piezoelectric response with decreasing feature size , 2002 .

[11]  Hongkun Park,et al.  Ferroelectric Properties of Individual Barium Titanate Nanowires Investigated by Scanned Probe Microscopy , 2002 .

[12]  Hongkun Park,et al.  Synthesis of single-crystalline perovskite nanorods composed of barium titanate and strontium titanate. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  Ralf B. Wehrspohn,et al.  Nanoshell tubes of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate , 2003 .

[14]  M. Alexe,et al.  Contact resonances in voltage-modulated force microscopy , 2003 .

[15]  H. Fujisawa,et al.  Fabrication of Planar and Three-Dimensional PZT Capacitors with Ir-Based Electrodes Solely by Low-Temperature MOCVD Using a Novel Liquid Ir Precursor , 2004 .

[16]  O. Auciello,et al.  Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Perovskite Films , 2004, Science.

[17]  Xinyi Zhang,et al.  Synthesis and ferroelectric properties of multiferroic BiFeO3 nanotube arrays , 2005 .

[18]  H. Fujisawa,et al.  Ferroelectricity and local currents in epitaxial 5- and 9-nm-thick Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ultrathin films by scanning probe microscopy , 2005 .

[19]  H. Fujisawa,et al.  Structural control of self-assembled PbTiO3 nanoislands fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition , 2005 .

[20]  Martin Steinhart,et al.  Lead titanate nano- and microtubes , 2006 .

[21]  Margit Zacharias,et al.  Ferroelectric nanotubes fabricated using nanowires as positive templates , 2006 .

[22]  J. M. Gregg,et al.  Conformal oxide coating of carbon nanotubes , 2007 .

[23]  S. Ramakrishna,et al.  Giant strain in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 nanowires , 2007 .

[24]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Direct-Current Nanogenerator Driven by Ultrasonic Waves , 2007, Science.

[25]  Changku Sun,et al.  Ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanotube arrays synthesized by hydrothermal method , 2008 .

[26]  H. Fujisawa,et al.  Epitaxial Growth and Ferroelectric Properties of PbTiO3 Nanoislands and Thin Films Grown on Single-Crystalline Pt Films , 2008 .

[27]  Koichiro Honda,et al.  PbTiO3- and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-Covered ZnO Nanorods , 2009 .