Role-play in oral proficiency interviews: Interactive footing and interactional competencies

Abstract This study aims to discuss role-play activity in oral proficiency interviews (OPIs) in terms of its construct validity; that is, whether it correlates with what it is supposed to measure. The data for the analysis were obtained from 71 role-play activities conducted during an OPI. The analysis is based on conversation analytic (CA) methodology and invokes the analytic frameworks of interactive footing and interactional competencies. Conversational analyses performed on the data revealed that candidates executed not only the role-play instructions but also the interviewers’ explicit and implicit requirements of the next desirable action. In doing so, candidates employed and displayed their interactional competencies in role-play interactions. The role-play activity in the OPI being managed by the interviewer created an asymmetrical relationship between the interviewers and the candidates in terms of speaking rights (i.e., turn-taking and topical organization). Nevertheless, competencies that candidates displayed in performing a role-play activity did not seem different from those employed in ordinary conversations. Thus, role-play activity in OPIs, if recognized as an interactional phenomenon co-constructed by participants’ display of their turn-by-turn practical evaluation of each other's actions, seems to be a valid instrument for assessing the candidates’ performance of the given tasks.

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