Two‐phase Hair Image Synthesis by Self‐Enhancing Generative Model

Generating plausible hair image given limited guidance, such as sparse sketches or low‐resolution image, has been made possible with the rise of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Traditional image‐to‐image translation networks can generate recognizable results, but finer textures are usually lost and blur artifacts commonly exist. In this paper, we propose a two‐phase generative model for high‐quality hair image synthesis. The two‐phase pipeline first generates a coarse image by an existing image translation model, then applies a re‐generating network with self‐enhancing capability to the coarse image. The self‐enhancing capability is achieved by a proposed differentiable layer, which extracts the structural texture and orientation maps from a hair image. Extensive experiments on two tasks, Sketch2Hair and Hair Super‐Resolution, demonstrate that our approach is able to synthesize plausible hair image with finer details, and reaches the state‐of‐the‐art.

[1]  Chongyang Ma,et al.  Single-view hair modeling using a hairstyle database , 2015, ACM Trans. Graph..

[2]  Stability , 1973 .

[3]  Chuan Wang,et al.  Video Object Co-Segmentation via Subspace Clustering and Quadratic Pseudo-Boolean Optimization in an MRF Framework , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[4]  Xiaoou Tang,et al.  Learning a Deep Convolutional Network for Image Super-Resolution , 2014, ECCV.

[5]  Fisher Yu,et al.  Scribbler: Controlling Deep Image Synthesis with Sketch and Color , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[6]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Learning Recursive Filters for Low-Level Vision via a Hybrid Neural Network , 2016, ECCV.

[7]  Xiaoou Tang,et al.  Deep Cascaded Bi-Network for Face Hallucination , 2016, ECCV.

[8]  Liang Lin,et al.  Attention-Aware Face Hallucination via Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[9]  Jan Kautz,et al.  High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANs , 2017, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  Xiaoou Tang,et al.  Image Super-Resolution Using Deep Convolutional Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[11]  Vladlen Koltun,et al.  Photographic Image Synthesis with Cascaded Refinement Networks , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[12]  Harry Shum,et al.  Modeling hair from multiple views , 2005, ACM Trans. Graph..

[13]  Ken-ichi Anjyo,et al.  Sketch interface based expressive hairstyle modelling and rendering , 2004, Proceedings Computer Graphics International, 2004..

[14]  Matthias Zwicker,et al.  Faceshop , 2018, ACM Trans. Graph..

[15]  Alexei A. Efros,et al.  Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[16]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Generative Adversarial Nets , 2014, NIPS.

[17]  Kun Zhou,et al.  Dynamic hair manipulation in images and videos , 2013, ACM Trans. Graph..

[18]  Yi Zhou,et al.  Single-View Hair Reconstruction using Convolutional Neural Networks , 2018, ECCV.

[19]  Kun Zhou,et al.  Hair Interpolation for Portrait Morphing , 2013, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[20]  Thomas F. Stahovich,et al.  Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling , 2007 .

[21]  Leon A. Gatys,et al.  Image Style Transfer Using Convolutional Neural Networks , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[22]  Yi Zhou,et al.  Single-View Hair Reconstruction using Convolutional Neural Networks , 2018, ArXiv.

[23]  Jie Zhu,et al.  Video Vectorization via Tetrahedral Remeshing , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[24]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 , 1995 .

[25]  Xin Yu,et al.  Ultra-Resolving Face Images by Discriminative Generative Networks , 2016, ECCV.

[26]  Peter V. Gehler,et al.  A Generative Model of People in Clothing , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[27]  H. Damasio,et al.  IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence: Special Issue on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision , 1998 .

[28]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[29]  Kun Zhou,et al.  AutoHair: fully automatic hair modeling from a single image , 2016, ACM Trans. Graph..

[30]  Soumith Chintala,et al.  Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks , 2015, ICLR.

[31]  Xin Yu,et al.  Face Hallucination with Tiny Unaligned Images by Transformative Discriminative Neural Networks , 2017, AAAI.

[32]  Steve Marschner,et al.  Capturing hair assemblies fiber by fiber , 2009, ACM Trans. Graph..

[33]  Jaakko Lehtinen,et al.  Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variation , 2017, ICLR.

[34]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  Wavelet-SRNet: A Wavelet-Based CNN for Multi-scale Face Super Resolution , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[35]  Kun Zhou,et al.  Single-view hair modeling for portrait manipulation , 2012, ACM Trans. Graph..

[36]  Ersin Yumer,et al.  Real-Time Hair Rendering Using Sequential Adversarial Networks , 2018, ECCV.

[37]  Kyoung Mu Lee,et al.  Accurate Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Convolutional Networks , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[38]  Vibhav Vineet,et al.  Conditional Random Fields as Recurrent Neural Networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[39]  Renjie Liao,et al.  Deep Edge-Aware Filters , 2015, ICML.

[40]  Ralph R. Martin,et al.  Automatic and topology-preserving gradient mesh generation for image vectorization , 2009, SIGGRAPH 2009.

[41]  Yang Wang,et al.  GIF2Video: Color Dequantization and Temporal Interpolation of GIF Images , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[42]  Parham Aarabi,et al.  Real-Time Deep Hair Matting on Mobile Devices , 2017, 2018 15th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV).

[43]  Huchuan Lu,et al.  Learning Dual Convolutional Neural Networks for Low-Level Vision , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[44]  Hong Chen,et al.  A generative sketch model for human hair analysis and synthesis , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[45]  Ralph R. Martin,et al.  Automatic and topology-preserving gradient mesh generation for image vectorization , 2009, ACM Trans. Graph..

[46]  Chuan Wang,et al.  Video Inpainting by Jointly Learning Temporal Structure and Spatial Details , 2018, AAAI.

[47]  Simon Osindero,et al.  Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets , 2014, ArXiv.

[48]  Christian Ledig,et al.  Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Network , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[49]  Chuan Wang,et al.  Look, Listen and Learn - A Multimodal LSTM for Speaker Identification , 2016, AAAI.

[50]  King-Sun Fu,et al.  IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Publication Information , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[51]  Long Quan,et al.  Sketching hairstyles , 2007, SBIM '07.

[52]  Ruigang Yang,et al.  Learning Warped Guidance for Blind Face Restoration , 2018, ECCV.

[53]  George Loizou,et al.  Computer vision and pattern recognition , 2007, Int. J. Comput. Math..

[54]  Chen Chen,et al.  MGANet: A Robust Model for Quality Enhancement of Compressed Video , 2018, ArXiv.

[55]  Yun Fu,et al.  Residual Dense Network for Image Super-Resolution , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[56]  Kyoung Mu Lee,et al.  Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolution , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).

[57]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  European conference on computer vision (ECCV) , 2006, eccv 2006.

[58]  Yu Qiao,et al.  ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks , 2018, ECCV Workshops.

[59]  Thomas Brox,et al.  U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation , 2015, MICCAI.