Low temperature aging tests for lithium-ion batteries

This paper presents the aging test results of a 100Ah prismatic LiFeMnPO4 battery cell at low temperatures. Accelerated aging tests have been carried out on 4 cells to address the effect of cold temperatures on Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Three of them were aged through a normalized driving cycle at three temperature tests (-20°C, 0°C and 25°C). The calendar test was carried out on one single battery at -20°C and mid-range of SOC (50%). Their capacities were continuously measured every two or three days. From the analysis, this paper shows that it is mandatory to consider the impact of cold temperatures on a battery pack lifespan. Therefore, there is a need for having a proper thermal strategy in order to keep the battery cell in the most appropriate operating condition and thus reduce the cold effect on the battery performances.

[1]  Michael A. Danzer,et al.  Nondestructive detection, characterization, and quantification of lithium plating in commercial lithium-ion batteries , 2014 .

[2]  Guy Sarre,et al.  Aging of lithium-ion batteries , 2004 .

[3]  B. Davat,et al.  Energetical Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries Including Electrode Porosity Effects , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[4]  Brayima Dakyo,et al.  Energy Management Based on Frequency Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Fuel-Cell/Lithium-Battery and Ultracapacitors , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  Jonghoon Kim,et al.  State-of-Charge Estimation and State-of-Health Prediction of a Li-Ion Degraded Battery Based on an EKF Combined With a Per-Unit System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[6]  M. Broussely,et al.  Aging mechanism in Li ion cells and calendar life predictions , 2001 .

[7]  Gan Ning,et al.  Capacity fade study of lithium-ion batteries cycled at high discharge rates , 2003 .

[8]  N. Omar,et al.  Impact of Tab Location on Large Format Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Based on Fully Coupled Tree-Dimensional Electrochemical-Thermal Modeling , 2014 .

[9]  Kang Xu,et al.  Low temperature performance of graphite electrode in Li-ion cells , 2002 .

[10]  M. Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens,et al.  Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries , 2005 .

[11]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Capacity fade analysis of a lithium ion cell , 2008 .

[12]  Jinhua Sun,et al.  Thermal behaviour analysis of lithium-ion battery at elevated temperature using deconvolution method , 2014 .

[13]  Y. Dube,et al.  Low Temperature Discharge Cycle Tests for a Lithium Ion Cell , 2014, 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC).

[14]  Nikolay Dimov,et al.  Suppression of lithium deposition at sub-zero temperatures on graphite by surface modification , 2011 .

[15]  Hui Li,et al.  Optimal Design and Real-Time Control for Energy Management in Electric Vehicles , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[16]  Antti Lajunen.  Evaluation of energy storage system requirements for hybrid mining loader , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[17]  J. Sakamoto,et al.  The Limits of Low‐Temperature Performance of Li‐Ion Cells , 2000 .

[18]  P. Biensan,et al.  New Li-ion electrolytes for low temperature applications , 2001 .

[19]  D. Iannuzzi,et al.  Charging infrastructures for EV: Overview of technologies and issues , 2012, 2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion.

[20]  Yue Yuan,et al.  Temperature effect on electric vehicle battery cycle life in Vehicle-to-grid applications , 2010, CICED 2010 Proceedings.

[21]  Daniel H. Doughty,et al.  A General Discussion of Li Ion Battery Safety , 2012 .

[22]  Joris Jaguemont,et al.  Characterization and Modeling of a Hybrid-Electric-Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Pack at Low Temperatures , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Chaoyang Wang,et al.  Li-Ion Cell Operation at Low Temperatures , 2013 .

[24]  Chaoyang Wang,et al.  Thermal‐Electrochemical Modeling of Battery Systems , 2000 .

[25]  M. Verbrugge,et al.  Cycle-life model for graphite-LiFePO 4 cells , 2011 .

[26]  M. Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens,et al.  Temperature dependent ageing mechanisms in Lithium-ion batteries – A Post-Mortem study , 2014 .