Validity of large-deformation high dimensional brain mapping of the basal ganglia in adults with Tourette syndrome

The basal ganglia and thalamus may play a critical role for behavioral inhibition mediated by prefrontal, parietal, temporal, and cingulate cortices. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop with projections from frontal cortex to striatum, then to globus pallidus or to substantia nigra pars reticulata, to thalamus and back to cortex, provides the anatomical substrate for this function. In-vivo neuroimaging studies have reported reduced volumes in the thalamus and basal ganglia in individuals with Tourette Syndrome (TS) when compared with healthy controls. However, patterns of neuroanatomical shape that may be associated with these volume differences have not yet been consistently characterized. Tools are being developed at a rapid pace within the emerging field of computational anatomy that allow for the precise analysis of neuroanatomical shape derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images, and give us the ability to characterize subtle abnormalities of brain structures that were previously undetectable. In this study, T1-weighted MR scans were collected in 15 neuroleptic-naïve adults with TS or chronic motor tics and 15 healthy, tic-free adult subjects matched for age, gender and handedness. We demonstrated the validity and reliability of large-deformation high dimensional brain mapping (HDBM-LD) as a tool to characterize the basal ganglia (caudate, globus pallidus and putamen) and thalamus. We found no significant volume or shape differences in any of the structures in this small sample of subjects.

[1]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  Validation of semiautomated methods for quantifying cingulate cortical metrics in schizophrenia , 2004, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[2]  J. Mink.  Basal ganglia dysfunction in Tourette's syndrome: a new hypothesis. , 2001, Pediatric neurology.

[3]  Heping Zhang,et al.  Basal Ganglia volumes in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. , 2003, Archives of general psychiatry.

[4]  Lei Wang,et al.  Abnormalities of thalamic volume and shape in schizophrenia. , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[5]  R. Knight,et al.  Role of human prefrontal cortex in attention control. , 1995, Advances in neurology.

[6]  J. Mugler,et al.  Three‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo imaging (3D MP RAGE) , 1990, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[7]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with concurrent Tourette's disorder and Asperger's syndrome. , 1993, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[8]  Lei Wang,et al.  MRI-based high-dimensional hippocampal mapping in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. , 2004, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[9]  B. Peterson,et al.  Developmental processes and brain imaging studies in Tourette syndrome. , 2003, Journal of Psychosomatic Research.

[10]  Paul M. Thompson,et al.  Detection, visualization and animation of abnormal anatomic structure with a deformable probabilistic brain atlas based on random vector field transformations , 1997, Medical Image Anal..

[11]  A. Parent,et al.  Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop , 1995, Brain Research Reviews.

[12]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  On The Geometry and Shape of Brain Sub-Manifolds , 1997, Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell..

[13]  J. Rabe-Jabłońska,et al.  [Affective disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association -- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders]. , 1993, Psychiatria polska.

[14]  A. Graybiel.  Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the basal ganglia , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[15]  Nick C Fox,et al.  Computer-assisted imaging to assess brain structure in healthy and diseased brains , 2003, The Lancet Neurology.

[16]  Dc Washington.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed. , 1994 .

[17]  U. Grenander,et al.  Statistical methods in computational anatomy , 1997, Statistical methods in medical research.

[18]  S. Joshi,et al.  Early DAT is distinguished from aging by high-dimensional mapping of the hippocampus , 2000, Neurology.

[19]  J. Jankovic.  Differential diagnosis and etiology of tics. , 2001, Advances in neurology.

[20]  J. Rapoport,et al.  Brain morphometry in Tourette's syndrome , 1996, Neurology.

[21]  D. V. van Essen,et al.  Structural and Functional Analyses of Human Cerebral Cortex Using a Surface-Based Atlas , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[22]  J. Ehrhardt,et al.  Measurement of brain structures with artificial neural networks: two- and three-dimensional applications. , 1999, Radiology.

[23]  N. Swerdlow,et al.  Neuropathology in Tourette syndrome: an update. , 2001, Advances in neurology.

[24]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  A deformable neuroanatomy textbook based on viscous uid mechanics , 1993 .

[25]  G. Paxinos,et al.  Atlas of the Human Brain , 2000 .

[26]  Daniel M. Keenan.  General Pattern Theory: A Mathematical Study of Regular Structures (U. Grenander) , 1995, SIAM Rev..

[27]  J C Gore,et al.  Regional brain and ventricular volumes in Tourette syndrome. , 2001, Archives of general psychiatry.

[28]  A. Anderson,et al.  A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of tic suppression in Tourette syndrome. , 1998, Archives of general psychiatry.

[29]  M. Miller,et al.  Statistical Analysis of Hippocampal Asymmetry in Schizophrenia , 2001, NeuroImage.

[30]  M. Miller,et al.  Hippocampal deformities in schizophrenia characterized by high dimensional brain mapping. , 2002, The American journal of psychiatry.

[31]  M I Miller,et al.  Mathematical textbook of deformable neuroanatomies. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  M. Miller,et al.  Computational anatomy and neuropsychiatric disease: probabilistic assessment of variation and statistical inference of group difference, hemispheric asymmetry, and time-dependent change , 2004, NeuroImage.

[33]  U. Grenander,et al.  Computational anatomy: an emerging discipline , 1998 .

[34]  Ulf Grenander,et al.  General Pattern Theory: A Mathematical Study of Regular Structures , 1993 .

[35]  M W Vannier,et al.  Three-dimensional hippocampal MR morphometry with high-dimensional transformation of a neuroanatomic atlas. , 1997, Radiology.

[36]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  Changes in hippocampal volume and shape across time distinguish dementia of the Alzheimer type from healthy aging☆ , 2003, NeuroImage.

[37]  Michael I. Miller,et al.  Brain Segmentation and the Generation of Cortical Surfaces , 1999, NeuroImage.

[38]  Definitions and classification of tic disorders. The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group. , 1993, Archives of neurology.

[39]  B S Peterson,et al.  Neuroimaging studies of Tourette syndrome: a decade of progress. , 2001, Advances in neurology.

[40]  R. Rabbitt,et al.  3D brain mapping using a deformable neuroanatomy. , 1994, Physics in medicine and biology.