An Approach to Post Mortem Diagnosability Analysis for Interacting Finite State Systems

We present a model based approach to diagnosability analysis for interacting finite state systems where fault isolation is deferred until the system comes to a standstill. Local abstractions of the system model are used to alleviate the state space explosion. Pairs of closely coupled automata are merged and replaced by a single automaton with an equivalently behavior as seen from the rest of the system; interaction between the merged automata is internalized and the new equivalent automaton is subsequently abstracted from internal behavior irrelevant to fault isolation. In moderately concurrent systems these steps can often be iterated until the system consists of a single automaton providing a compact encoding of all possible fault scenarios of the original model. We illustrate how the resulting abstraction can be used as a basis for post mortem diagnosability analysis.

[1]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Distributed Monitoring of Concurrent and Asynchronous Systems* , 2003, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[2]  Erik Anders Tengvald,et al.  The design of expert planning systems: an experimental operations planning system for turning , 1984 .

[3]  Man Lin Analysis and synthesis of reactive systems : a generic layered architecture perspective , 1999 .

[4]  S. Gentil,et al.  Combining FDI and AI approaches within causal-model-based diagnosis , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[5]  Erik Berglund,et al.  Library Communication Among Programmers Worldwide , 2002 .

[6]  Magnus Kald In the borderland between strategy and management control : theoretical framework and empirical evidence , 2004 .

[7]  Olof Johansson Development environments for complex product models , 1996 .

[8]  Peter Ambjorn Fritzson,et al.  Towards a distributed programming environment based on incremental compilation (debugging, prettyprinting, interactive) , 1984 .

[9]  Rita Kovordanyi,et al.  Modeling and simulating inhibitory mechanisms in mental image reinterpretation : towards cooperative human-computer creativity , 1999 .

[10]  Model-based diagnosis for industrial applications , 1997 .

[11]  Anette Moberg Närhet och distans : studier av kommunikationsmönster i satellitkontor och flexibla kontor , 1997 .

[12]  Marco Pistore,et al.  Nusmv version 2: an opensource tool for symbolic model checking , 2002, CAV 2002.

[13]  Jaak Urmi A machine independent LISP compiler and its implications for ideal hardware , 1978 .

[14]  Ulf Seigerroth,et al.  Att förstå och förändra systemutvecklingsverksamheter en taxonomi för metautveckling , 2003 .

[15]  Tobias Ritzau,et al.  Memory Efficient Hard Real-Time Garbage Collection , 2003 .

[16]  Inger Klein,et al.  The Need for Fault Isolation in Object-Oriented Control Systems , 1999 .

[17]  M. Negnevitsky,et al.  Neural networks approach to online identification of multiple failures of protection systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[18]  Mariam Kamkar,et al.  Interprocedural dynamic slicing with applications to debugging and testing , 1993, Linköping studies in science and technology dissertations.

[19]  Per-Arne Persson,et al.  Bringing power and knowledge together: information systems design for autonomy and control in command work , 2000 .

[20]  Björn Johansson Joint control in dynamic situations , 2005 .

[21]  Henrik Nilsson,et al.  Declarative debugging for lazy functional languages , 1998 .

[22]  Anneli Hagdahl,et al.  Development of IT-supported Inter-organisational Collaboration: A Case Study in the Swedish Public Sector , 2002 .

[23]  Choong-ho Yi,et al.  Modelling object-oriented dynamic systems using a logic-based framework , 2002 .

[24]  Anders Avdic,et al.  Användare och utvecklare : om anveckling med kalkylprogram , 2001 .

[25]  Cedwall Mats Semantisk analys av processbeskrivningar i naturligt språk , 1977 .

[26]  Bryn Battersby,et al.  Does distance matter?: The effect of geographic isolation on productivity levels , 2007 .

[27]  Diana Szentiványi Performance Studies of Fault-Tolerant Middleware , 2005 .

[28]  Stefan Holmlid,et al.  Adapting users : towards a theory of use quality , 2002 .

[29]  Marie-Odile Cordier,et al.  A decentralized model-based diagnostic tool for complex systems , 2001, Proceedings 13th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. ICTAI 2001.

[30]  Jaime Villegas,et al.  Simulation supported industrial training from an organisational learning perspective : development and evaluation of the SSIT method , 1996 .

[31]  Igor Mozetic,et al.  Hierarchical Model-Based Diagnosis , 1991, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[32]  C. Levcopoulos Heuristics for minimum decompositions of polygons , 1987 .

[33]  Nahid Shahmehri,et al.  Generalized algorithmic debugging , 1991 .

[34]  Inger Klein,et al.  Fault Isolation Using Automatic Abstraction To Avoid State Space Explosion , 2003 .

[35]  Inger Klein,et al.  Fault Isolation using Process Algebra Models , 2002 .

[36]  Jörgen Hansson,et al.  Value-driven multi-class overload management in real-time database systems , 1999 .

[37]  Hans Olsen,et al.  Automatic Verification of Petri Nets in a CLP Framework , 1997 .

[38]  James A. Reggia,et al.  Using abductive inferencing to derive complex error classifications for discrete sequential processes , 1986, ANSS '86.

[39]  Carl-Johan Petri,et al.  Organizational information provision : managing mandatory and discretionary utilization of information technology , 2001 .

[40]  Dan Lawesson Towards Behavioral Model Fault Isolation for Object Oriented Control Systems , 2001 .

[41]  Robin Milner,et al.  A Calculus of Communicating Systems , 1980, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[42]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  Diagnosis of asynchronous discrete-event systems: a net unfolding approach , 2003, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[43]  Inger Klein,et al.  Fault Isolation in Object Oriented Control Systems , 2000 .

[44]  P. Doherty NML3 : a non-monotonic formalism with explicit defaults , 1991 .

[45]  Joakim Gustafsson,et al.  Extending temporal action logic , 2001 .

[46]  Lars Taxén,et al.  A Framework for the Coordination of Complex Systems' Development , 2003 .

[47]  Johan Jenvald Methods and tools in computer-supported taskforce training , 1999 .

[48]  Demosthenis Teneketzis,et al.  Diagnosability of stochastic discrete-event systems , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[49]  Pär J. Ågerfalk Information Systems Actability: Understanding Information Technology as a Tool for Business Action and Communication , 2003 .

[50]  Dimiter Driankov,et al.  Towards a many‐valued logic of quantified belief: The information lattice , 1991 .

[51]  Erland Jungert,et al.  Synthesizing database structures from a user oriented data model , 1980 .

[52]  Rego Granlund,et al.  Monitoring distributed teamwork training , 2002 .

[53]  Zhiping Wang Capacity-constrained production-inventory systems : modelling and analysis in both a traditional and an e-business context , 2004 .

[54]  Zebo Peng A formal methodology for automated synthesis of VLSI systems , 1987 .

[55]  Pierre Wolper,et al.  A Partial Approach to Model Checking , 1994, Inf. Comput..

[56]  Staffan Bonnier,et al.  A formal basis for horn clause logic with external polymorphic functions , 1992 .

[57]  Jan Eric Larsson,et al.  Goals and functions of the human body: an MFM model for fault diagnosis , 1997, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[58]  Pietro Torasso,et al.  Merging Indiscriminable Diagnoses: An Approach Based on Automatic Domains Abstraction , 2002 .

[59]  Tore Risch,et al.  Compilation of multiple file queries in a meta-database system , 1978 .

[60]  Mikael Cäker,et al.  Management accounting as constructing and opposing customer focus : three case studies on management accounting and customer relations , 2005 .

[61]  Ulf Melin Koordination och informationssystem i företag och nätverk , 2002 .

[62]  Luigi Portinale,et al.  On the role of abduction , 1995, CSUR.

[63]  Magnus Merkel,et al.  Understanding and enhancing translation by parallel text processing , 1999 .

[64]  Hans Peterson,et al.  The Human-Computer Interface , 1988 .

[65]  Christina Ölvingson,et al.  On development of information systems with GIS functionality in public health informatics : a requirements engineering approach , 2003 .

[66]  Mikael Kindborg,et al.  Concurrent comics : programming of social agents by children , 2003 .

[67]  Albert N. Badre,et al.  Designing the Human-Computer Interface , 1982, CHI '82.

[68]  Malin Nordström,et al.  Styrbar systemförvaltning : att organisera systemförvaltningsverksamhet med hjälp av effektiva förvaltningsobjekt , 2005 .

[69]  Sture Hägglund,et al.  Contributions to the development of methods and tools for interactive design of applications software , 1980 .

[70]  Luca Console,et al.  Readings in Model-Based Diagnosis , 1992 .

[71]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  A Petri net approach to fault detection and diagnosis in distributed systems. II. Extending Viterbi algorithm and HMM techniques to Petri nets , 1997, Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[72]  Linda Askenäs,et al.  The roles of IT : studies of organising when implementing and using enterprise systems , 2004 .

[73]  Aseel Berglund,et al.  Augmenting the Remote Control: Studies in Complex Information Navigation for Digital TV , 2004 .

[74]  Hilding Elmqvist,et al.  Object-Oriented and Hybrid Modeling in Modelica , 2001 .

[75]  Luis Alejandro Cortés,et al.  Verification and Scheduling Techniques for Real-Time Embedded Systems , 2005 .

[76]  Kjell Orsborn,et al.  On Extensible and Object-Relational Database Technology for Finite Element Analysis Applications , 1996 .

[77]  Vanja Josifovski,et al.  Design, implementation and evaluation of a distributed mediator system for data integration , 1999 .

[78]  Peter Bunus,et al.  Debugging techniques for equation-based languages , 2004 .

[79]  Jonas Kvarnström,et al.  TALplanner and Other Extensions to Temporal Action Logic , 2005 .

[80]  Erik Herzog,et al.  An approach to systems engineering tool data representation and exchange , 2004 .

[81]  H.A. Toliyat,et al.  Advanced fault diagnosis of a DC motor , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[82]  Robert K. Brayton,et al.  Partial-Order Reduction in Symbolic State-Space Exploration , 2001, Formal Methods Syst. Des..

[83]  Anders Arpteg,et al.  Intelligent Semi-Structured Information Extraction , 2005 .

[84]  Stephan Merz,et al.  Model Checking , 2000 .

[85]  Mark A. Neerincx,et al.  Cognitive support: designing aiding to supplement human knowledge , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[86]  Ewa Braf,et al.  Knowledge demanded for action : studies of knowledge mediation in organisations , 2004 .

[87]  Magnus Larsson,et al.  Behavioral and Structural Model Based Approaches to Discrete Diagnosis , 1999 .

[88]  Inger Klein,et al.  Model-checking based fault isolation using automatic abstraction , 2004 .

[89]  Mattias Arvola,et al.  Shades of Use: The Dynamics of Interaction Design for Sociable Use , 2005 .

[90]  Henryk Jan Komorowski,et al.  A specification of an abstract Prolog machine and its application to partial evaluation , 1981 .

[91]  Gianfranco Lamperti,et al.  Diagnosis of Large Active Systems , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[92]  Yannick Pencolé Diagnosability Analysis of Distributed Discrete Event Systems , 2004, ECAI.

[93]  Silvia Coradeschi,et al.  Anchoring symbols to sensory data , 1999 .

[94]  Raymond Reiter,et al.  A Theory of Diagnosis from First Principles , 1986, Artif. Intell..

[95]  Lars Degerstedt,et al.  Tabulation-based Logic Programming : A Multi-level View of Query Answering , 1996 .

[96]  Bengt Johnsson,et al.  The human-computer interface in commercial systems : Investigations of dialogue design factors and usability with alphanumeric display terminals , 1981 .

[97]  Ivar Jacobson,et al.  Unified Modeling Language , 2020, Definitions.

[98]  Paul Pop,et al.  Analysis and Synthesis of Communication-Intensive Heterogeneous Real-Time Systems , 2003 .

[99]  Asmus Pandikow,et al.  A Generic Principle for Enabling Interoperability of Structured and Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Tools , 2002 .

[100]  Gregory Provan,et al.  Diagnosability analysis for distributed systems , 2002, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference.

[101]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  Failure diagnosis of discrete-event systems with linear-time temporal logic specifications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[102]  George W. Ernst,et al.  Knowledge based system to diagnose faults in discrete event systems , 1989, IEA/AIE '89.

[103]  Gert Jervan,et al.  Hybrid Built-In Self-Test and Test Generation Techniques for Digital Systems , 2005 .

[104]  Mikael Lindvall,et al.  An Empirical Study of Requirements-Driven Impact Analysis in Object-Oriented Software Evolution , 1997 .

[105]  Mikael Pettersson,et al.  Compiling Natural Semantics , 1999, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[106]  ComplexityPeter Jonsson,et al.  Studies in Action Planning Algorithms and Complexity , 2007 .

[107]  David Park,et al.  Concurrency and Automata on Infinite Sequences , 1981, Theoretical Computer Science.

[108]  Eva L. Ragnemalm,et al.  Student modelling based on collaborative dialogue with a learning companion , 1999 .

[109]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  Modeling discrete event systems with faults using a rules based modeling formalism , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[110]  Paul Scerri,et al.  Designing agents for systems with adjustable autonomy , 2001 .

[111]  C. A. R. Hoare,et al.  Communicating sequential processes , 1978, CACM.

[112]  Vadim Engelson,et al.  Tools for design, interactive simulation, and visualization of object-oriented models in scientific computing , 2000 .

[113]  Inger Klein,et al.  Fault isolation in discrete event systems by observational abstraction , 2003, 42nd IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37475).

[114]  Ling Lin,et al.  Management of 1-D Sequence Data- From Discrete to Continuous , 1999 .

[115]  Jonas Hallberg,et al.  Timing issues in high-level synthesis , 1998 .

[116]  Annika Flycht-Eriksson,et al.  Design and use of ontologies in information-providing dialogue systems , 2004 .

[117]  Y. Pencole,et al.  Incremental decentralized diagnosis approach for the supervision of a telecommunication network , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[118]  Albert Benveniste,et al.  FAULT DIAGNOSIS FOR DISTRIBUTED ASYNCHRONOUS DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURED DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS , 2005 .

[119]  Jimmy Tjäder,et al.  Systemimplementering i praktiken : en studie av logiker i fyra projekt , 1999 .

[120]  Simin Nadjm-Tehrani,et al.  Algorithms and Complexity for Temporal and Spatial Formalisms , 2007 .

[121]  Rob Gerthy Partial Order Reductions Preserving Simulations , 1999 .

[122]  Mikael Ronström,et al.  Design and Modelling of a Parallel Data Server for Telecom Applications , 2004 .

[123]  Erik G. Larsson,et al.  An Integrated System-Level Design for Testability Methodology , 2000 .

[124]  Raja Sengupta,et al.  Diagnosability of discrete-event systems , 1995, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[125]  Martin Skold Active Database Management Systems for Monitoring and Control , 1997 .

[126]  Osten Oskarsson,et al.  Mechanisms of modifiability in large software systems , 1982 .

[127]  Christer Backstrom,et al.  Computational Complexity of Reasoning about Plans , 1992 .

[128]  Jason E. Robbins,et al.  Cognitive support, UML adherence, and XMI interchange in Argo/UML , 2000, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[129]  Amit Patra,et al.  A discrete event systems approach to online testing of digital VLSI circuits , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583).

[130]  Marcus Bjäreland Model-based execution monitoring , 2001 .

[131]  Wojciech Penczek,et al.  Improving Partial Order Reductions for Universal Branching Time Properties , 2000, Fundam. Informaticae.

[132]  Johan Moe Observing the dynamic behaviour of large distributed systems to improve development and testing : an empirical study in software engineering , 2003 .

[133]  Mikael Lind,et al.  Från system till process kriterier för processbestämning vid verksamhetsanalys , 2001 .

[134]  Stefan Holgersson,et al.  Yrke: POLIS : Yrkeskunskap, motivation, IT-system och andra förutsättningar för polisarbete , 2005 .

[135]  Juha Takkinen,et al.  From information management to task management in electronic mail , 2002 .

[136]  Pawel Pietrzak,et al.  A type-based framework for locating errors in constraint logic programs , 2002 .

[137]  C. Curescu,et al.  Utility-based Optimisation of Resource Allocation for Wireless Networks , 2005 .

[138]  Stefan Cronholm,et al.  Metodverktyg och användbarhet : en studie av datorstödd metodbaserad systemutveckling , 1998 .

[139]  Anders Lindström,et al.  English and other foreign linguistic elements in spoken Swedish : studies of productive processes and their modelling using finite-state tools , 2004 .

[140]  Alban Grastien,et al.  First Steps Towards Incremental Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems , 2005, Canadian Conference on AI.

[141]  Pär Emanuelson,et al.  Performance enhancement in a well-structured pattern matcher through partial evaluation , 1980 .

[142]  Lin Padgham,et al.  Non-monotonic inheritance for an object-oriented knowledge-base , 1989 .

[143]  Sofie Pilemalm,et al.  Information Technology for Non-Profit Organisations: Extended Participatory Design of an Information System for Trade Union Shop Stewards , 2002 .

[144]  Johan Åberg,et al.  Live help systems : an approach to intelligent help for Web information systems , 2002 .

[145]  J. Skåmedal Telecommuting's implications on travel and travel patterns , 2004 .

[146]  Jonas Mellin,et al.  Resource-Predictable and Efficient Monitoring of Events , 2004 .

[147]  Ulf Nilsson,et al.  Abstract Interpretation & Abstract Machines: Contribution to a Methodology for the Implementation of Logic Programs , 1992 .

[148]  Karin Axelsson Metodisk systemstrukturering : att skapa samstämmighet mellan informationssystemarkitektur och verksamhet , 1998 .

[149]  Christos G. Cassandras,et al.  Introduction to Discrete Event Systems , 1999, The Kluwer International Series on Discrete Event Dynamic Systems.

[150]  Pernilla Qvarfordt,et al.  Eyes on multimodal interaction , 2004 .

[151]  Vivian Vimarlund,et al.  An economic perspective on the analysis of impacts of information technology : from case studies in health-care towards general models and theories , 1999 .

[152]  Arne Jönsson,et al.  Dialogue management for natural language interfaces - an empirical approach , 1993, Linköping studies in science and technology dissertations.

[153]  Bourhane Kadmiry,et al.  Fuzzy gain scheduled visual servoing for an unmanned helicopter , 2005 .

[154]  Anders Haraldsson A program manipulation system based on partial evaluation , 1977 .

[155]  Magnus Bång Computing at the speed of paper : ubiquitous computing environments for healthcare professionals , 2004 .

[156]  Inger Klein,et al.  Model-Checking Based Fault Isolation in UML , 2001 .

[157]  Joachim Karlsson,et al.  A systematic approach for prioritizing software requirements , 1998 .

[158]  Mikael Ericsson,et al.  Supporting the use of design knowledge : an assessment of commenting agents , 1999 .

[159]  Shengbing Jiang,et al.  A polynomial algorithm for testing diagnosability of discrete-event systems , 2001, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[160]  Pär Carlshamre,et al.  A usability perspective on requirements engineering : from methodology to product development , 2001 .

[161]  Ola Angelsmark Constructing Algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction and Related Problems : Methods and Applications , 2005 .

[162]  Marco Pistore,et al.  NuSMV 2: An OpenSource Tool for Symbolic Model Checking , 2002, CAV.

[163]  Tim Heyer,et al.  Semantic Inspection of Software Artifacts From Theory to Practice , 2001 .

[164]  Fredrik Karlsson,et al.  Method configuration: method and computerized tool support , 2005 .

[165]  Jörgen Lindström,et al.  Does distance matter? On geographical dispersion in organisations , 1999 .

[166]  Fredrik Nilsson Strategi och ekonomisk styrning : en studie av hur ekonomiska styrsystem utformas och används efter företagsförvärv , 1997 .

[167]  Niklas Hallberg,et al.  Incorporating user values in the design of information systems and services in the public sector : a methods approach , 1999 .

[168]  Robert K. Brayton,et al.  Partial-Order Reduction in Symbolic State Space Exploration , 1997, CAV.

[169]  Luca Console,et al.  Diagnosis and Diagnosability Analysis Using PEPA , 2000, ECAI.

[170]  René Reboh Knowledge engineering techniques and tools for expert systems , 1981 .

[171]  Marcel Staroswiecki,et al.  Conflicts versus analytical redundancy relations: a comparative analysis of the model based diagnosis approach from the artificial intelligence and automatic control perspectives , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[172]  Owen Eriksson Kommunikationskvalitet hos informationssystem och affärsprocesser , 2000 .

[173]  Johan Fagerström,et al.  A paradigm and system for design of distributed systems , 1988 .

[174]  Mathias Broxvall,et al.  A Study in the Computational Complexity of Temporal Reasoning , 2002 .