Optimization of Energy-Supply Structure in Residential Premises Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

Designing a power supply of a newly built property, a modern investor has, at his disposal, a whole range of technologies, the skillful selection and application of which will minimize the total cost of supplying the facility with electrical energy and heat. Obviously, both capital and operating cost must be considered. Apart from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind turbines, heat pumps, or solar heating, classical technologies such as district heating, gas or diesel powered micro/mini-combined heat and power units, or gas boilers can be used. For the optimal use of a complex power system, electrical energy and heat storage may be necessary, as well as an advanced control system. The choice of the property power supply structure and the selection of technologies are extremely important, because this decision will impact the costs that will be incurred by the owner over the next few decades. This paper shows how to select the structure and parameters of the power supply for residential premises, taking into account the characteristics of electricity and heat consumption and weather conditions which influence both the energy consumption and renewable energy generation. The obtained solutions were analyzed depending on the availability of district heating and local generation and the adopted electricity tariff, as well as energy and capacity prices.