Potassium Carbonate as a Salt for Deep Eutectic Solvents

 Abstract—Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are emerging as new class of green solvents with the favorable properties of low cost, minimum volatility, biodegradability and suitability for many industrial applications. In an attempt to synthesize a new class of DES, potassium carbonate was used as a salt with glycerol as a hydrogen bond donor (HDB). The basic physical properties of this DES were measured at different temperatures and salt:HBD molar ratios. The physical properties measured included density, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index and pH at a temperature range of 20 - 80 o C. The system didn't show a freezing points in DSC thermograms, however glass transition temperatures were observed. This system exhibits similar physico-chemical properties to other reported DES. The values of these properties indicated that the prepared DES may have great potential for industrial applications.

[1]  K. R. Seddon,et al.  Ionic liquids. Green solvents for the future , 2000 .

[2]  A. Abbott,et al.  Eutectic-based ionic liquids with metal-containing anions and cations. , 2007, Chemistry.

[3]  Walter Leitner,et al.  Practical separation of alcohol–ester mixtures using Deep-Eutectic-Solvents , 2012 .

[4]  Morteza Zare,et al.  Temperature-Dependent Density and Viscosity of the Ionic Liquids 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Iodides: Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation , 2010 .

[5]  F. Mjalli,et al.  Fruit sugar-based deep eutectic solvents and their physical properties , 2012 .

[6]  K. R. Seddon,et al.  The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids , 2006, Nature.

[7]  F. Mjalli,et al.  Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids Analogues and Their Physical Properties , 2010 .

[8]  J. B. Segur,et al.  Viscosity of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions , 1951 .

[9]  G. Procter,et al.  Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry , 1993 .

[10]  C. Xia,et al.  Supported basic ionic liquid : Highly effective catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2-propylene glycol from hydrolysis of propylene carbonate , 2008 .

[11]  Maaike C. Kroon,et al.  A new low transition temperature mixture (LTTM) formed by choline chloride + lactic acid : characterization as solvent for CO2 capture , 2013 .

[12]  Andrew P. Abbott,et al.  Voltammetric and impedance studies of the electropolishing of type 316 stainless steel in a choline chloride based ionic liquid , 2006 .

[13]  Mohd Tariq,et al.  Volatility of Aprotic Ionic Liquids — A Review , 2010 .

[14]  Xiangping Zhang,et al.  Solubility of CO2 in Sulfonate Ionic Liquids at High Pressure , 2005 .

[15]  John Timothy Cullinane.  Thermodynamics and kinetics of aqueous piperazine with potassium carbonate for carbon dioxide absorption , 2005 .

[16]  E. Jimenez,et al.  Excess volume, changes of refractive index and surface tension of binary 1,2-ethanediol + 1-propanol or 1-butanol mixtures at several temperatures , 2001 .

[17]  L. Binder,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Choline Chloride Based Binary Mixtures , 2010 .

[18]  D. Macfarlane,et al.  Room-temperature molten salts based on the quaternary ammonium ion , 1998 .

[19]  Peter Wasserscheid,et al.  Ionic Liquids in Synthesis , 2002 .

[20]  R. Harris.  Physical Properties of Alcohol Based Deep Eutectic Solvents. , 2009 .

[21]  François Jérôme,et al.  Deep eutectic solvents: syntheses, properties and applications. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[22]  F. Mjalli,et al.  A novel technique for separating glycerine from palm oil-based biodiesel using ionic liquids , 2010 .