Role of TLX1 in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia pathogenesis

The diverged homeobox gene TLX1 (for T-cell leukemia homeobox 1, previously known as HOX11 or TCL3) is activated in ∼5-10% of childhood and up to 30% of adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases, most frequently by t(10;14)(q24;q11) and t(7;10)(q35;q24) chromosomal translocations which juxtapose the intact TLX1 coding region downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) δ (TRD@) or TCRβ (TCRB) gene regulatory sequences. TLX1+ T-ALL samples are virtually all arrested at the early cortical (CD1+) CD4+CD8+ “double-positive” (DP) stage of thymocyte development (Ferrando et al, 2002; Asnafi et al, 2004).

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