Description of a new species of glass knifefish genus Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the upper rio Paraná basin, based on anatomical, karyotypic, and molecular evidences

Abstract A new species of Eigenmannia is described from the upper rio Paraná basin based on morphological and molecular data. It is distinguished for all congeners by a unique combination of morphometrics, meristics, osteological characters, a significant COI genetic divergence that ranges from 4.9 to 15.2%, and its karyotype. An osteological description for the new species is provided, the geographic distribution of Eigenmannia species in the upper rio Paraná basin is commented on, and the use of karyotype information in taxonomic studies is discussed.

[1]  N. Menezes,et al.  Morphology‐based phylogeny of Eigenmanniinae Mago‐Leccia, 1978 (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae), with a new classification , 2021, Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research.

[2]  Sudhir Kumar,et al.  MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11 , 2021, Molecular biology and evolution.

[3]  L. Peixoto,et al.  New species of glass knifefish genus Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) with comments on the morphology and function of the enlarged cephalic lateral-line canals of Sternopygidae. , 2020, Journal of fish biology.

[4]  M. Sabaj.  Codes for Natural History Collections in Ichthyology and Herpetology , 2020, Copeia.

[5]  N. Menezes,et al.  Anatomical, taxonomic, and phylogenetic reappraisal of a poorly known ghost knifefish, Tembeassu marauna (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), using X-ray microcomputed tomography , 2019, PloS one.

[6]  Justin C. Bagley,et al.  DNA barcode and mini-barcode identification of freshwater fishes from Cerrado headwater streams in central Brazil. , 2019, Journal of fish biology.

[7]  M. C. D. Pinna,et al.  The Fishes of the Amazon: Distribution and Biogeographical Patterns, with a Comprehensive List of Species , 2019, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.

[8]  L. Peixoto,et al.  A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan Evermann (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from Río Ventuari, Venezuela. , 2018, Zootaxa.

[9]  G. Dutra,et al.  A New Species of the Glass Electric Knifefish Genus Eigenmannia Jordan and Evermann (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from Río Tuíra Basin, Panama , 2017, Copeia.

[10]  R. Campos-da-Paz,et al.  A new species of Eigenmannia Jordan and Evermann (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin. , 2017, Zootaxa.

[11]  G. V. Villanova,et al.  First DNA Barcode Reference Library for the Identification of South American Freshwater Fish from the Lower Paraná River , 2016, PloS one.

[12]  L. Peixoto,et al.  Eigenmannia besouro, a new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. , 2016, Zootaxa.

[13]  J. Albert,et al.  Data supporting phylogenetic reconstructions of the Neotropical clade Gymnotiformes , 2016, Data in brief.

[14]  L. Peixoto,et al.  The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species‐group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species , 2015 .

[15]  M. Orsi,et al.  DNA barcoding of freshwater ichthyoplankton in the Neotropics as a tool for ecological monitoring , 2015, Molecular ecology resources.

[16]  J. C. Pieczarka,et al.  Karyotypic and morphological divergence between two cryptic species of Eigenmannia in the Amazon basin with a new occurrence of XX/XY sex chromosomes (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) , 2015 .

[17]  C. Oliveira,et al.  Chromosome evolution in fishes: a new challenging proposal from Neotropical species , 2014 .

[18]  F. Foresti,et al.  Karyotype diversity and patterns of chromosomal evolution in Eigenmannia (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Sternopygidae) , 2014, Comparative cytogenetics.

[19]  R. Vari,et al.  The South American Electric Glass Knifefish Genus Distocyclus (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): Redefinition and Revision , 2014, Copeia.

[20]  R. Hanner,et al.  Can DNA barcoding accurately discriminate megadiverse Neotropical freshwater fish fauna? , 2013, BMC Genetics.

[21]  W. Crampton,et al.  Gymnotus capanema, a new species of electric knife fish (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) from eastern Amazonia, with comments on an unusual karyotype. , 2012, Journal of fish biology.

[22]  Naércio A. Menezes,et al.  Checklist dos peixes de água doce do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil , 2011 .

[23]  R. Hanner,et al.  DNA barcodes discriminate freshwater fishes from the Paraíba do Sul River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil , 2011, Mitochondrial DNA.

[24]  C. Moysés,et al.  Cytotype-specific ISSR profiles and karyotypes in the Neotropical genus Eigenmannia (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes) , 2010, Genetica.

[25]  M. Ferguson-Smith,et al.  Non-homologous sex chromosomes in two species of the genus Eigenmannia (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes) , 2008, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[26]  Julia Giora,et al.  Feeding habit of Eigenmannia trilineata Lopez & Castello, 1966 (Teleostei: Sternopygidae) of Parque Estadual de Itapuã, RS, Brazil , 2005 .

[27]  J. Wright,et al.  Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Neotropical electric eel Eigenmannia (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes) , 2005 .

[28]  Robert C. Edgar,et al.  MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. , 2004, Nucleic acids research.

[29]  A. Akama,et al.  Chromosome evolution in fish: sex chromosome variability in Eigenmannia virescens (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) , 2003, Cytogenetic and Genome Research.

[30]  J. Albert,et al.  New Species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei) from Southeastern Brazil: Toward the Deconstruction of Gymnotus carapo , 1999 .

[31]  F. Foresti,et al.  Fluorescencein situ hybridization with rDNA probes on chromosomes of two nucleolus organizer region phenotypes of a species ofEigenmannia (Pisces, Gymnotoidei, Sternopygidae) , 1996, Chromosome Research.

[32]  C. Hopkins.  Hypopomus pinnicaudatus (Hypopomidae), a new species of gymnotiform fish from French Guiana , 1991 .

[33]  F. Foresti,et al.  Spontaneous triploidy and NOR activity in Eigenmannia sp. (Pisces, Sternopygidae) from the Amazon basin , 1985, Genetica.

[34]  L. F. Almeida Toledo,et al.  Complex sex chromosome system in Eigenmannia sp. (Pisces, Gymnotiformes) , 1984, Genetica.

[35]  M. Kimura.  A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences , 1980, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[36]  OUP accepted manuscript , 2022, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

[37]  N. Menezes,et al.  Description of three new species of Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) from the rio Mearim and rio Parnaíba basins, Northeastern Brazil , 2022, Neotropical Ichthyology.

[38]  C. Ferraris,et al.  Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types , 2017 .

[39]  L. Casatti,et al.  Diversidade da ictiofauna do Alto Rio Paraná: composição atual e perspectivas futuras , 2007 .

[40]  L. Casatti,et al.  ESTRUTURA E COMPOSIÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE RIACHOS DO RIO PARANAPANEMA, SUDESTE E SUL DO BRASIL , 2003 .

[41]  F. Foresti,et al.  Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Mapping , 2002 .

[42]  F. Foresti,et al.  Sex chromosome evolution in fish: the formation of the neo-Y chromosome in Eigenmannia (Gymnotiformes) , 2000, Chromosoma.

[43]  R. Vari.  The neotropical fish family Ctenoluciidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) : supra and intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships, with a revisionary study , 1995 .

[44]  B. Dutrillaux,et al.  BrdU replication patterns demonstrating chromosome homoeologies in two fish species, genus Eigenmannia , 1988 .

[45]  W. Taylor,et al.  Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study , 1985 .

[46]  F. Foresti,et al.  Polymorphic nature of nucleolus organizer regions in fishes. , 1981, Cytogenetics and cell genetics.

[47]  R. B. López,et al.  Eigenmannia trilineata (Teleostomi, Sternopyginae). Nueva especie hallada en el Río de la Plata. , 1966 .

[48]  S. Weitzman.  The osteology of Brycon meeki , a generalized characid fish, with an osteological definition of the family , 1962 .