Physical activity/exercise training in type 2 diabetes. The role of the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study

Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely related to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Trials in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance have highlighted the role of physical activity/exercise in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, physical activity and exercise training have been recognized as treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes. Both aerobic and resistance training were shown to produce beneficial effects by reducing HbA1c, inducing weight loss and improving fat distribution, lipid profile and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mixed aerobic and resistance training was recently shown to be more effective than either one alone in ameliorating HbA1c. However, further research is needed to establish the volume, intensity and type of exercise that are required to reduce cardiovascular burden and particularly to define the best strategy for promoting long‐term compliance and durable lifestyle changes in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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