Low magnetic field detection via nanometre scale air-holes photonic crystal fiber filled with magnetic fluid

A novel and highly-sensitive magnetic field sensor is experimentally demonstrated employing nanometer sized air-holes photonic crystal fiber (PCF) infiltrated with magnetic fluid (MF). The MF is a functional fluid with tunable refractive index in response to external magnetic field. The transmitted light intensity variation through the MF-PCF under magnetic field was measured. The proposed sensor exhibited a smooth response with high correlation coefficient of 0.999 with a second-order equation. The designed sensor was able to measure magnetic field as low as 2 Gauss, which is one of the weakest value reported to date for fiber-optic magnetometers. The compact size, simple interrogation scheme and high sensitivity makes it a promising candidate for high-precision biosensing applications.

[1]  E. Sadeghi,et al.  Sensitivity optimization of ZnO clad-modified optical fiber humidity sensor by means of tuning the optical fiber waist diameter , 2017 .

[2]  Stefan Odenbach,et al.  Colloidal magnetic fluids : basics, development and application of ferrofluids , 2009 .

[3]  Jianquan Yao,et al.  Remote Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Intracavity Absorption of Evanescent Field , 2016, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[4]  Yong Zhao,et al.  Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Taper Coated With Ferrofluid , 2015, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[5]  Byoungho Lee,et al.  Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors , 2003 .

[6]  L. Trahms,et al.  Time domain study of Brownian and Néel relaxation in ferrofluids , 1995 .

[7]  R. Parvizi,et al.  Structural, Magnetic and Microwave Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Gd Ferrites , 2018, Journal of Electronic Materials.

[8]  Shieh-Yueh Yang,et al.  Novel properties and applications in magnetic fluids , 2001 .

[9]  Markus Zahn,et al.  Magnetic Fluid and Nanoparticle Applications to Nanotechnology , 2001 .

[10]  E. Sadeghi,et al.  Fast response relative humidity clad-modified multimode optical fiber sensor with hydrothermally dimension controlled ZnO nanorods , 2017 .

[11]  Kok-Sing Lim,et al.  Mach-Zehnder interferometric magnetic field sensor based on a photonic crystal fiber and magnetic fluid. , 2018, Applied optics.

[12]  Baldev Raj,et al.  Nanofluid with tunable thermal properties , 2008 .

[13]  Yong Zhao,et al.  Novel optical fiber current sensor based on magnetic fluid , 2010 .

[14]  Yong Zhao,et al.  Tunable Characteristics and Mechanism Analysis of the Magnetic Fluid Refractive Index With Applied Magnetic Field , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[15]  Mario Liu,et al.  Electromagnetic Force and the Maxwell Stress Tensor in Condensed Systems , 2008 .

[16]  Xinyong Dong,et al.  Magnetic field sensor based on magnetic-fluid-coated long-period fiber grating , 2015 .

[17]  Shieh-Yueh Yang,et al.  Tunable refractive index of magnetic fluids and its applications , 2004 .