Learning Temporal Information for States and Events

Knowing the typical duration of events (for example, hurricanes last hour or days but not seconds or years) supports a variety of tasks in automated machine reading. Recently, methods to learn these durations for a limited class have been reported. However, events are associated with several other typical times, such as initiation points and preparation intervals. In this paper we define six temporally related aspects of events. We describe an automated method to learn events from the web and patterns that signal the typical temporal characteristics of the events. Finally, we show which patterns tend to signal which aspects. This diversity of event types, temporal aspects, and time characteristics has never yet been reported.

[1]  Marti A. Hearst Automatic Acquisition of Hyponyms from Large Text Corpora , 1992, COLING.

[2]  Doug Downey,et al.  Unsupervised named-entity extraction from the Web: An experimental study , 2005, Artif. Intell..

[3]  David R. Dowty,et al.  Word Meaning and Montague Grammar , 1979 .

[4]  Ellen Riloff,et al.  Semantic Class Learning from the Web with Hyponym Pattern Linkage Graphs , 2008, ACL.

[5]  Alex Lascarides,et al.  Temporal interpretation, discourse relations and commonsense entailment , 1993, The Language of Time - A Reader.

[6]  Helmut Schmidt,et al.  Probabilistic part-of-speech tagging using decision trees , 1994 .

[7]  Ellen Riloff,et al.  Toward Completeness in Concept Extraction and Classification , 2009, EMNLP.

[8]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  TimeML: Robust Specification of Event and Temporal Expressions in Text , 2003, New Directions in Question Answering.

[9]  James F. Allen Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals , 1983, CACM.

[10]  Uwe Reyle,et al.  A calculus for first order Discourse Representation Structures , 1996, J. Log. Lang. Inf..

[11]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  Using Query Patterns to Learn the Duration of Events , 2011, IWCS.

[12]  E. Lepore,et al.  Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson , 1988 .

[13]  Wilfried Ver Eecke Zeno Vendler, Linguistics in Philosophy , 1972 .

[14]  Jerry R. Hobbs,et al.  Learning Event Durations from Event Descriptions , 2006, ACL.

[15]  Marius Pasca,et al.  Acquisition of categorized named entities for web search , 2004, CIKM '04.

[16]  Oren Etzioni,et al.  TextRunner: Open Information Extraction on the Web , 2007, NAACL.