Tri-Service Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) Accelerated Sensor Development Project

Abstract : In 1994, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded a Tri-Service effort to accelerate the development and fielding of environmental sensing technologies to extend the capabilities of the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS). This effort, which was completed in 1998, produced a wide range of SCAPS sensors, samplers, and supporting technologies that allow SCAPS to detect, delineate, and map subsurface contaminants including petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL), toxic metals, explosives and energetic, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and radioactive wastes. This report describes the various SCAPS sensors developed as part of the SERDP-funded effort including laser induced fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, electrochemical sensor, biosensor, and spectral gamma probes. In addition, the development and testing of cone-penetrometer based samplers, including thermal desorption and multiport samplers, are detailed. Results of laboratory evaluation and field validation studies are presented, and technology transfer accomplishments are described. Included in this report is a bibliography of technical papers, reports, presentations, and patents produced during the course of this project.

[1]  Frances S. Ligler,et al.  On-site detection of TNT with a portable fiber optic biosensor , 1997 .

[2]  J. C. Morgan,et al.  Field use of a cone penetrometer gamma probe for radioactive‐waste detection. , 1998 .

[3]  D. C. Stromswold,et al.  Calibration facilites for borehole and surface environmental radiation measurements , 1995 .

[4]  Gregory S. Douglas,et al.  The Influence of PAH Concentration and Distribution on Real-Time In-Situ Measurements of Petroleum Products in Soils Using Laser Induced Fluorescence , 1995 .

[5]  Stephen H. Lieberman,et al.  Capabilities and limitations of a cone-penetrometer-deployed fiber optic laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) petroleum oil and lubricant (POL) sensor , 1995, Other Conferences.

[6]  Robert R. Whitlock,et al.  Use of x-ray fluorescence for in-situ detection of metals , 1995, Other Conferences.

[7]  J. Andrews,et al.  Quantitative and qualitative analysis of spectral data obtained from an integrated fiber optic fluorometer and cone penetrometer , 1995 .

[8]  Daniel R. Miller,et al.  Final report , 2000 .

[9]  J. Heath.  Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System , 1995 .

[10]  Keith T. Carron,et al.  Adsorption of chlorinated ethylenes at 1-octadecanethiol-modified silver surfaces , 1994 .

[11]  B. H. Miles,et al.  Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) detection of heavy metal using a cone penetrometer: System design and field investigation results , 1997 .

[12]  Joseph R. Stetter,et al.  The properties and applications of amperometric gas sensors , 1992 .

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[15]  Orman A. Simpson,et al.  Optical Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring , 1995 .

[16]  Gregory D. Gillispie,et al.  Performance characterization of the Rapid Optical Screening Tool (ROST{trademark}) , 1995 .

[17]  J. W. Adams,et al.  Field demonstration of the SCAPS cone penetrometer gamma probe for rad-waste detection , 1997 .

[18]  J. Furey,et al.  Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in groundwater by in situ purge and direct-sampling ion-trap mass spectrometry , 1998 .

[19]  B. J. McDonald,et al.  . IN-SITU ENVIRONMENTAL XRF , 2000 .

[20]  W. Buttner,et al.  In situ detection of trinitrotoluene and other nitrated explosives in soils , 1997 .

[21]  Joseph R. Stetter,et al.  Monitoring of electrochemically inactive compounds by amperometric gas sensors , 1984 .

[22]  David S. Knowles,et al.  Intercomparison of in situ measurements of petroleum hydrocarbons using a cone penetrometer deployed laser induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor with conventional laboratory-based measurements , 1995 .

[23]  K. Carron,et al.  Octadecylthiol-modified surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates: a new method for the detection of aromatic compounds , 1992 .

[24]  D. C. Stromswold,et al.  Calibration facilities at Hanford for gamma-ray and fission-neutron well logging , 1994 .

[25]  William M. Davis,et al.  Rapid delineation of subsurface petroleum contamination using the site characterization and analysis penetrometer system , 1997 .

[26]  M. Walsh,et al.  Development of field screening methods for TNT, 2,4-DNT and RDX in soil. , 1992, Talanta.

[27]  John M. E. Storey,et al.  Electrochemical SERS Detection of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solutions , 1994 .

[28]  Stephen H. Lieberman,et al.  A real-time fiber-optic LIBS probe for the in situ delineation of metals in soils† , 1998 .

[29]  Cone Penetrometer Deployed in Situ Video Imaging System for Characterizing Sub-Surface Soil Properties and Contaminants , 1997 .

[30]  Thomas A. Ranney,et al.  Sampling error associated with collection and analysis of soil samples at TNT‐contaminated sites , 1997 .

[31]  Ieee Geoscience.  IGARSS '96 : 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium : remote sensing for a sustainable future , 1996 .

[32]  Mark H. Van Benthem,et al.  Chemometric treatment of multimode laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) data of fuel-spiked soils , 1996, Optics & Photonics.

[33]  D. E. Poulain,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of the Detection Limits for Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soils by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. , 1997 .

[34]  T. Stein.  International Geoscience And Remote Sensing Symposium , 1992, [Proceedings] IGARSS '92 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[35]  Thermal Desorption VOC Sampler: Improvements and Field Trial Performance (Dover AFB) , 1998 .

[36]  S. Lieberman,et al.  Fluorescence Rejection in Raman Spectroscopy by Shifted-Spectra, Edge Detection, and FFT Filtering Techniques , 1995 .

[37]  J. R. Lindsay,et al.  Advances in X-ray Analysis , 1999 .

[38]  Stephen H. Lieberman,et al.  Remote in-situ detection of heavy metal contamination in soils using a fiber optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FOLIBS) system , 1995, Other Conferences.

[39]  Ernesto R. Cespedes,et al.  Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) Sensor Development Workshop. , 1996 .

[40]  William J. Buttner,et al.  Development and testing of cone penetrometer sensor probe for in situ detection of explosive contaminants , 1995 .

[41]  Stephen H. Lieberman,et al.  Field deployment of a LIBS probe for rapid delineation of metals in soils , 1996, Optics & Photonics.

[42]  A. Hewitt.  Comparison of methods for sampling vadose zone soils for determination of trichloroethylene , 1994 .

[43]  G. W. Lemire,et al.  Laser-Induced Photofragmentation/Photoionization Spectrometry: A Method for Detecting Ambient Oxides of Nitrogen , 1994 .

[44]  J. V. Gilfrich,et al.  Subsurface measurement of soil heavy-metal concentrations with the SCAPS X-ray fluorescence (XRF) metals sensor , 1998 .

[45]  C. Thompson,et al.  Direct Sampling Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry , 1993 .

[46]  J. Yinon,et al.  Analysis of Explosives , 1977 .

[47]  G. W. Lemire,et al.  Monitoring of vapor-phase nitro compounds using 226-nm radiation : fragmentation with subsequent NO resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detection , 1993 .

[48]  J. Brannon,et al.  Laboratory Evaluation of a Volatile Organic Compound Analysis System for the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System. , 1995 .

[49]  P. A. Mosier-Boss,et al.  Development of a cone penetrometer deployed solvent sensor using a SERS fiber optic probe , 1997 .

[50]  Orven F. Swenson,et al.  REMPI detection of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air , 1996, Optics & Photonics.

[51]  Michigan.,et al.  Toxicological profile for dichloropropenes , 2008 .

[52]  John H. Ballard,et al.  Innovative Site Characterization And Analysis Penetrometer System (Scaps): In-Situ Sensor And Sampling Technologies , 1998 .

[53]  David S. Knowles,et al.  Field results from the SCAPS laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor for in-situ subsurface detection of petroleum hydrocarbons , 1995, Other Conferences.

[54]  D. E. Poulain,et al.  Influences on detectability of heavy metals in soils by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy , 1996, IGARSS '96. 1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[55]  Robert A. Meyers,et al.  Encyclopedia of environmental analysis and remediation , 1998 .

[56]  D. Hamilton,et al.  Site Characterization Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS). Innovative technology evaluation report , 1995 .

[57]  William M. Davis,et al.  In situ detection of TNT contamination using electrochemical sensors in cone penetrometer system , 1995, Other Conferences.

[58]  M. Fleischmann,et al.  Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode , 1974 .