Short-Term Electricity Futures Prices: Evidence on the Time-Varying Risk Premium

This paper examines empirically the relationship between electricity spot and futures prices, by analysing a decade of data for a set of short term-to-maturity futures contracts traded in the Nordic Power Exchange, Nord Pool. It is found that, on average, there are significant positive risk premiums in short-term electricity futures prices. The significance and size of the premiums, however, varies seasonally over the year; whereas it is greatest during winter, it is zero in summer. It is also found that time-varying risk premiums are significantly related to unexpectedly low reservoir levels. Furthermore, before the unprecedented supply-shock that hit the Nord Pool market around the end of year 2002, the variation of the risk premiums was related to the variance and the skewness of future spot prices. This result is consistent with the view that risk considerations played a role in the determination of futures prices. Finally, additional evidence provided throughout the paper supports the view that circumstances changed in the Nord Pool market after the shock period. Este trabajo estudia la relacion entre los precios de contado y a futuro de la electricidad a traves de un analisis empirico realizado sobre los precios a futuro a corto plazo negociados durante una decada en el mercado nordico de electricidad, Nord Pool. Los resultados indican que existen primas de riesgo positivas en media en los contratos de futuro a corto plazo. Sin embargo, la significatividad y tamano de las primas varia estacionalmente a lo largo del ano, siendo las de mayor tamano durante el invierno y nulas durante el verano. Tambien se encuentra evidencia significativa relativa a la capacidad explicativa de los niveles anormalmente bajos de las reservas hidraulicas sobre la variacion temporal de las primas de riesgo. Ademas, antes del shock de oferta que azoto el mercado Nord Pool a finales del ano 2002, la variacion de las primas de riesgo estaba relacionada con la varianza y asimetria de los precios futuros de la electricidad. Este resultado es coherente con la vision de que el riesgo se tomaba en consideracion en la determinacion de los precios a futuro. Finalmente, a lo largo de todo el documento se muestra evidencia adicional a favor de la opinion de que las cirscustancias cambiaron en el Nord Pool despues del periodo turbulento.

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