Neurology and Sleep Research *

This brief review documents some of the important contributions of recent sleep research to the understanding of a number of neurological conditions. Narcoleptic attacks have been shown to be either episodes of NREM or REM sleep; and cataplexy, sleep paralysis and vivid hypnagogic hallucinations consist of dissociated or inappropriate REM sleep. Important relationships of the hypersomnias and various comas to sleep mechanisms are being increasingly elucidated. Various types of epileptic seizures have been found to be affected differentially by the two types of sleep and by arousal from them; and sleep deprivation may activate or perpetuate epilepsy. Finally, some miscellaneous conditions, such as dyskinesias, cerebrovascular accidents, migraine, and memory and repair functions have been considered. As well as being of pathophysiological interest, much of this new knowledge has a direct diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.

[1]  Y. Hishikawa,et al.  A neurophysiological study of sleep paralysis in narcoleptic patients. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[2]  H. Gastaut,et al.  The startle disease or hyperekplexia. Pathological surprise reaction. , 1967, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[3]  A. Kales,et al.  Somnambulism: all-night EEG and related studies. , 1967, Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease.

[4]  E. Wolpert,et al.  NOCTURNAL SLEEP OF NARCOLEPTICS. , 1963, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[5]  B. Roth,et al.  REM sleep and NREM sleep in narcolepsy and hypersomnia. , 1969, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[6]  R. April.  Observations on parkinsonian tremor in all‐night sleep , 1966, Neurology.

[7]  B. Roth,et al.  Pathophysiological mechanisms of narcolepsy, hypersomnia and dissociated sleep disturbances. , 1969, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[8]  H. Gastaut,et al.  Triggering Mechanisms in Epilepsy The Electroclinical Point of View , 1966, Epilepsia.

[9]  M. Jouvet,et al.  Locus coeruleus et sommeil paradoxal , 1965 .

[10]  C. Tassinari,et al.  Subclinical "electrical status epilepticus" induced by sleep in children. A clinical and electroencephalographic study of six cases. , 1971, Archives of neurology.

[11]  G. Scollo-Lavizzari,et al.  Photic stimulation during paradoxical sleep in photosensitive subjects , 1967, Neurology.

[12]  Irwin Feinberg,et al.  Eye Movement Activity during Sleep and Intellectual Function in Mental Retardation , 1968, Science.

[13]  H. Gastaut,et al.  An Electro‐clinical Study of Generalized Epileptic Seizures of Tonic Expression , 1963, Epilepsia.

[14]  D. Bennett.  Sleep deprivation and major motor convulsions , 1963, Neurology.

[15]  I. Oswald.  Human Brain Protein, Drugs and Dreams , 1969, Nature.

[16]  R. Bickford,et al.  Effects of Photic Stimulation During Sleep , 1955, Neurology.

[17]  J. Hobson.  Sleep after Exercise , 1968, Science.

[18]  D. Daly,et al.  Electroencephalogram in narcolepsy. , 1957, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[19]  Y. Hishikawa,et al.  The effect of imipramine, desmethylimipramine and chlorpromazine on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the cat. , 1965, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[20]  W Dement,et al.  The nature of the narcoleptic sleep attack , 1966, Neurology.

[21]  R. Broughton,et al.  Photomyoclonic response of epileptic and non-epileptic subjects during wakefulness, sleep and arousal. , 1967, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[22]  R. Wyatt,et al.  Treatment of intractable narcolepsy with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. , 1971, The New England journal of medicine.

[23]  I. Oswald,et al.  Some Experiments in the Chemistry of Narcoleptic Sleep , 1966, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[24]  R. Greenberg,et al.  Delirium tremens and dreaming. , 1967, The American journal of psychiatry.

[25]  M. Jouvet,et al.  Sleep in the mentally retarded. , 1967, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[26]  J. Knowles,et al.  Effects on REM sleep. , 1968, Quarterly journal of studies on alcohol.

[27]  E. Dewan,et al.  Aphasia and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep , 1969, Nature.

[28]  Y. Hishikawa,et al.  H-REFLEX AND EMG OF THE MENTAL AND HYOID MUSCLES DURING SLEEP, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NARCOLEPSY. , 1965, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[29]  E. Niedermeyer.  SLEEP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS IN PETIT MAL. , 1965, Archives of neurology.

[30]  R. Priest,et al.  Five Weeks to Escape the Sleeping-pill Habit , 1965, British medical journal.

[31]  P. Passouant,et al.  Etude du sommeil nocturne chez des uremiques chroniques soumis a une epuration extrarenaleNight sleep in chronic renal insufficiency , 1970 .

[32]  B. A. Schwartz,et al.  Sleeping sickness: sleep study of a case. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[33]  R. Walter,et al.  Spike and wave discharges during stages of sleep. , 1966, Archives of neurology.

[34]  C LOEB,et al.  Electroencephalograms in a case with ponto-mesencephalic haemorrhage. , 1953, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[35]  R. Walter,et al.  Effects of imipramine on the sleep-dream cycle: an EEG study in boys. , 1967, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[36]  Y. Hishikawa,et al.  Treatment of narcolepsy with imipramine (tofranil) and desmethylimipramine (pertofran). , 1966, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[37]  R. Jung,et al.  NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ABNORMAL NIGHT SLEEP AND THE PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME. , 1965, Progress in brain research.

[38]  F. Snyder.  Progress in the new biology of dreaming. , 1965, The American journal of psychiatry.

[39]  C. Economo.  SLEEP AS A PROBLEM OF LOCALIZATION , 1930 .

[40]  I. Oswald,et al.  Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors, sleep and mood. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[41]  R. H. Mattson,et al.  EEG activation of epileptics following sleep deprivation: a prospective study of 114 cases. , 1968, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[42]  H. Gastaut,et al.  Polygraphic study of the episodic diurnal and nocturnal (hypnic and respiratory) manifestations of the Pickwick syndrome. , 1966, Brain research.

[43]  G. Guilbaud,et al.  SINGLE AND MULTIPLE SPIKES IN THE NIGHT SLEEP OF EPILEPTICS. , 1964, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[44]  F. Baekeland,et al.  Exercise and Sleep Patterns in College Athletes , 1966, Perceptual and motor skills.

[45]  Y. Hishikawa,et al.  ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDY ON NARCOLEPSY. , 1965, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[46]  G. Pickering,et al.  Reflex Regulation of Arterial Pressure during Sleep in Man: A Quantitative Method of Assessing Baroreflex Sensitivity , 1969, Circulation research.

[47]  W. Dement,et al.  Sleep stages, REM deprivation and electroconvulsive threshold in the cat. , 1970, Brain research.

[48]  B. A. Schwartz.  Afternoon sleep in certain hypersomnolent states: "intermediate sleep". , 1968, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[49]  D. Hawkins.  Effects of Alcohol on REM Sleep , 1969 .

[50]  G. Vogel.  Studies in psychophysiology of dreams. III. The dream of narcolepsy. , 1960, Archives of general psychiatry.

[51]  R. Broughton,et al.  Sleep Disorders: Disorders of Arousal? , 1968, Science.

[52]  J. Toyoda.  THE EFFECTS OF CHLORPROMAZINE AND IMIPRAMINE ON THE HUMAN NOCTURNAL SLEEP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM , 1964 .

[53]  Y. Honda,et al.  Pharmacotherapy in narcolepsy. , 1960, Diseases of the nervous system.

[54]  M. M. Gross,et al.  SLEEP DISTURBANCES AND HALLUCINATIONS IN THE ACUTE ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSES , 1966, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[55]  M. Jouvet,et al.  Biogenic amines and the states of sleep. , 1969, Science.

[56]  E. Luby,et al.  The electroencephalogram during prolonged experimental sleep deprivation. , 1962, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[57]  D. Janz,et al.  The Grand Mai épilepsies and the Sleeping‐Waking Cycle , 1962, Epilepsia.

[58]  Y. Hishikawa,et al.  The nature of sleep attack and other symptoms of narcolepsy. , 1968, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[59]  H. Roffwarg,et al.  THE PARKINSONIAN TREMOR IN SLEEP , 1968, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[60]  J. Dexter,et al.  The relationship of nocturnal headaches to sleep stage patterns , 1970, Neurology.

[61]  R. Yules,et al.  The effect of ethyl alcohol on man's electroencephalographic sleep cycle. , 1966, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[62]  M. Jouvet.  Neurophysiology of the states of sleep. , 1967, Physiological reviews.

[63]  J. Suzuki.  NARCOLEPTIC SYNDROME AND PARADOXICAL SLEEP , 1966, Folia psychiatrica et neurologica japonica.

[64]  J J ROSS,et al.  NEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS AFTER PROLONGED SLEEP DEPRIVATION. , 1965, Archives of neurology.

[65]  W. B. Webb,et al.  Alcohol and Caffeine: Effect on Inferred Visual Dreaming , 1963, Science.