Dyes for Semiconductor Sensitization

The sections in this article are Introduction General Background Operating Principles of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Incident Photon to Current Efficiency and Open-Circuit Photovoltage Molecular Sensitizers Formation of Complexes Photophysical Properties Ground and Excited State Redox Potentials Requirements of the Sensitizers Absorption Spectral Properties of Metal Complexes Tuning of MLCT Transitions Spectral Tuning in “Push-Pull” Type of Complexes Spectral Tuning in Complexes Containing Hybrid Donor Ligands Influence of Nonchromophoric Ligands on MLCT Transitions Influence of the Position of Carboxyl Groups on MLCT Transitions MLCT Transitions in Geometric Isomers Spectral Tuning in Heteroleptic Sensitizers Hydrophobic Sensitizers Near IR Sensitizers Phthalocyanines Ruthenium Phthalocyanines Phthalocyanines Containing 3d Metals Mononuclear and Polynuclear Metal Complexes of Group VIII Iron Complexes Osmium Complexes Polynuclear Complexes Surface Chelation of Polypyridyl Complexes onto the TiO2 Surface Anchoring Groups Acid-Base Equilibria of the Anchoring Groups Acid-Base Equilibria of the 4,4-Dicarboxy-2,2′-Bipyridine and its Complexes Acid-Base Equilibria of the Phosphonato Group Stability and Performance of the Dyes Stability of the Inorganic Dyes Effect of Protons Carried by the Sensitizer on the Performance Comparison of IPCE Obtained with Various Sensitizers Synthesis and Characterization Synthetic Strategies for Ruthenium Complexes Purification Characterization Conclusion Acknowledgment

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