Review: Molecular pathogenesis of blood–brain barrier breakdown in acute brain injury

S. Nag, A. Kapadia and D. J. Stewart (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 3–23
Molecular pathogenesis of blood–brain barrier breakdown in acute brain injury

[1]  W. Banks,et al.  The blood–brain barrier and immune function and dysfunction , 2010, Neurobiology of Disease.

[2]  R. Kizek,et al.  Matrix metalloproteinases. , 2010, Current medicinal chemistry.

[3]  P. Carmeliet,et al.  The neurovascular link in health and disease: an update. , 2009, Trends in molecular medicine.

[4]  B. Engelhardt,et al.  The blood–brain and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction , 2009, Seminars in Immunopathology.

[5]  D. Stewart,et al.  Expression of endothelial phosphorylated caveolin‐1 is increased in brain injury , 2009, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[6]  J. Piontek,et al.  Structure and Function of Extracellular Claudin Domains , 2009, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[7]  D. Stewart,et al.  Pathology and new players in the pathogenesis of brain edema , 2009, Acta Neuropathologica.

[8]  E. Candelario-Jalil,et al.  Diverse roles of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemia , 2009, Neuroscience.

[9]  M. Parat,et al.  Chapter 4 The Biology of Caveolae , 2009 .

[10]  M. Parat,et al.  The biology of caveolae: achievements and perspectives. , 2009, International review of cell and molecular biology.

[11]  Yoon Kyung Choi,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 reduces vascular endothelial growth factor-induced brain endothelial permeability via upregulation of ZO-2. , 2009, International journal of molecular medicine.

[12]  M. Balda,et al.  Tight junctions at a glance , 2008, Journal of Cell Science.

[13]  T. M. Hansen,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins in neurovascular regeneration and protection following stroke. , 2008, Current neurovascular research.

[14]  F. Orsenigo,et al.  The role of adherens junctions and VE-cadherin in the control of vascular permeability , 2008, Journal of Cell Science.

[15]  Tobias Richter,et al.  High‐Resolution 3D Quantitative Analysis of Caveolar Ultrastructure and Caveola–Cytoskeleton Interactions , 2008, Traffic.

[16]  Carola Förster,et al.  Tight junctions and the modulation of barrier function in disease , 2008, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[17]  D. Stewart,et al.  Decreased junctional adhesion molecule-A expression during blood–brain barrier breakdown , 2008, Acta Neuropathologica.

[18]  C. Vannini,et al.  Structural organization of the tight junctions. , 2008, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[19]  S. Citi,et al.  The cytoplasmic plaque of tight junctions: a scaffolding and signalling center. , 2008, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[20]  W. Nelson,et al.  Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton. , 2008, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[21]  Takashi Kojima,et al.  Transmembrane proteins of tight junctions. , 2008, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[22]  P. Carmeliet,et al.  Neurovascular signalling defects in neurodegeneration , 2008, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[23]  C. Thomas,et al.  Caveolae structure and function , 2008, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[24]  B. Zlokovic The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders , 2008, Neuron.

[25]  M. Kirkham,et al.  PTRF-Cavin, a Conserved Cytoplasmic Protein Required for Caveola Formation and Function , 2008, Cell.

[26]  R. Egleton,et al.  Pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier: animal models and methods. , 2008, Current topics in developmental biology.

[27]  M. Simionescu,et al.  Endothelial transcytosis in health and disease , 2008, Cell and Tissue Research.

[28]  F. Orsenigo,et al.  Organization and signaling of endothelial cell-to-cell junctions in various regions of the blood and lymphatic vascular trees , 2008, Cell and Tissue Research.

[29]  M. Lisanti,et al.  Caveolae and transcytosis in endothelial cells: role in atherosclerosis , 2008, Cell and Tissue Research.

[30]  H. Wolburg,et al.  Brain endothelial cells and the glio-vascular complex , 2008, Cell and Tissue Research.

[31]  D. Stewart,et al.  Increased caveolin-1 expression precedes decreased expression of occludin and claudin-5 during blood–brain barrier breakdown , 2007, Acta Neuropathologica.

[32]  R. Stan Endothelial stomatal and fenestral diaphragms in normal vessels and angiogenesis , 2007, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

[33]  K. Alitalo,et al.  Molecular regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis , 2007, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[34]  G. Rosenberg,et al.  Vasogenic edema due to tight junction disruption by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral ischemia. , 2007, Neurosurgical focus.

[35]  K. Plate,et al.  Different networks, common growth factors: shared growth factors and receptors of the vascular and the nervous system , 2007, Acta Neuropathologica.

[36]  A. Shamseddine,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor family of ligands and receptors: review. , 2007, Blood cells, molecules & diseases.

[37]  M. Balda,et al.  Epithelial tight junctions, gene expression and nucleo-junctional interplay , 2007, Journal of Cell Science.

[38]  Shuzhen Guo,et al.  Cell–cell Signaling in the Neurovascular Unit , 2007, Neurochemical Research.

[39]  Jeffrey F. Thompson,et al.  Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Disruption of Tight Junction Proteins in Cerebral Vessels is Reversed by Synthetic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor in Focal Ischemia in Rat , 2007, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[40]  Seppo Ylä-Herttuala,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factors: biology and current status of clinical applications in cardiovascular medicine. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[41]  P. Oh,et al.  Live dynamic imaging of caveolae pumping targeted antibody rapidly and specifically across endothelium in the lung , 2007, Nature Biotechnology.

[42]  J. Pachter,et al.  Caveolin-1 regulates expression of junction-associated proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells. , 2007, Blood.

[43]  C. Ek,et al.  Changes in blood–brain barrier permeability to large and small molecules following traumatic brain injury in mice , 2007, The European journal of neuroscience.

[44]  S. Wiegand,et al.  Vascular growth factors in cerebral ischemia , 2001, Molecular Neurobiology.

[45]  S. Nag 3 Structure and Pathology of the Blood–Brain Barrier , 2007 .

[46]  B. T. Hawkins,et al.  Increased blood–brain barrier permeability and altered tight junctions in experimental diabetes in the rat: contribution of hyperglycaemia and matrix metalloproteinases , 2006, Diabetologia.

[47]  S. Ylä-Herttuala,et al.  Biology of vascular endothelial growth factors , 2006, FEBS letters.

[48]  S. Tsukita,et al.  Claudins in occluding junctions of humans and flies. , 2006, Trends in cell biology.

[49]  C. V. Van Itallie,et al.  Claudins and epithelial paracellular transport. , 2006, Annual review of physiology.

[50]  K. Jin,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGFB) stimulates neurogenesis: evidence from knockout mice and growth factor administration. , 2006, Developmental biology.

[51]  D. McDonald,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 decreases plasma leakage by reducing number and size of endothelial gaps in venules. , 2006, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[52]  P. Roepstorff,et al.  Identification of a major protein on the cytosolic face of caveolae. , 2005, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[53]  K. Plate,et al.  The Role of Angiopoietins During Angiogenesis in Gliomas , 2005, Brain pathology.

[54]  D. Stewart,et al.  Increased angiopoietin2 expression is associated with endothelial apoptosis and blood–brain barrier breakdown , 2005, Laboratory Investigation.

[55]  C. Moon,et al.  Expression of caveolin-1, -2, and -3 in the spinal cords of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , 2005, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[56]  A. Kotanidou,et al.  Angiopoietin-2 Causes Inflammation in Vivo by Promoting Vascular Leakage , 2005, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[57]  Xiao-pei Gao,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 Opposes VEGF-Induced Increase in Endothelial Permeability by Inhibiting TRPC1-Dependent Ca2+ Influx , 2005, Circulation research.

[58]  R. Mrsny,et al.  The second loop of occludin is required for suppression of Raf1-induced tumor growth , 2005, Oncogene.

[59]  D. Bredt,et al.  Membrane-associated guanylate kinases regulate adhesion and plasticity at cell junctions. , 2005, Annual review of biochemistry.

[60]  G. Rosenberg,et al.  Multiple roles for MMPs and TIMPs in cerebral ischemia , 2005, Glia.

[61]  Natasa Przulj,et al.  High-Throughput Mapping of a Dynamic Signaling Network in Mammalian Cells , 2005, Science.

[62]  D. Predescu,et al.  Functional and morphological studies of protein transcytosis in continuous endothelia. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[63]  J. Gamble,et al.  Role of protein kinase Czeta in thrombin-induced endothelial permeability changes: inhibition by angiopoietin-1. , 2004, Blood.

[64]  K. Turksen,et al.  Barriers built on claudins , 2004, Journal of Cell Science.

[65]  R. Shivers,et al.  Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood-brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Review. , 2004, Histology and histopathology.

[66]  K. Plate,et al.  VEGF in Brain Tumors , 2000, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[67]  N. Abbott Inflammatory Mediators and Modulation of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability , 2000, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.

[68]  H. Wolburg,et al.  Tight Junctions of the Blood–Brain Barrier , 2000, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.

[69]  S. Nag,et al.  Quantitative estimate of pinocytosis in experimental acute hypertension , 1979, Acta Neuropathologica.

[70]  J. Pachter,et al.  Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 alters expression of tight junction-associated proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells. , 2004, Microvascular research.

[71]  S. Nag Role of the endothelial cytoskeleton in blood-brain-barrier permeability to protein , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[72]  S. Nag Cerebral endothelial plasma membrane alterations in acute hypertension , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[73]  R. Shivers,et al.  Capillary junctions of the rat are not affected by osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier , 2004, Acta Neuropathologica.

[74]  A. Mazar,et al.  Activation Systems for Latent Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 are Upregulated Immediately after Focal Cerebral Ischemia , 2003, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[75]  Richard G. W. Anderson,et al.  Caveolin regulation of endothelial function. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[76]  G. Bazzoni The JAM family of junctional adhesion molecules. , 2003, Current opinion in cell biology.

[77]  P. Davies,et al.  Recruitment of endothelial caveolae into mechanotransduction pathways by flow conditioning in vitro. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[78]  S. Butz,et al.  The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family members JAM-2 and JAM-3 associate with the cell polarity protein PAR-3: a possible role for JAMs in endothelial cell polarity , 2003, Journal of Cell Science.

[79]  S. Mousa,et al.  Signaling through JAM-1 and αvβ3 is required for the angiogenic action of bFGF: dissociation of the JAM-1 and αvβ3 complex , 2003 .

[80]  Y. Boo,et al.  Chronic shear induces caveolae formation and alters ERK and Akt responses in endothelial cells. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[81]  D. Stewart,et al.  Altered Expression of Angiopoietins During Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown and Angiogenesis , 2003, Laboratory Investigation.

[82]  David S. Park,et al.  Caveolin, Caveolae, and Endothelial Cell Function , 2003, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[83]  A. Vorbrodt,et al.  Molecular anatomy of intercellular junctions in brain endothelial and epithelial barriers: electron microscopist’s view , 2003, Brain Research Reviews.

[84]  N. Ferrara,et al.  The biology of VEGF and its receptors , 2003, Nature Medicine.

[85]  Helga E de Vries,et al.  The Blood‐Brain Barrier and Its Role in Immune Privilege in the Central Nervous System , 2003, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[86]  S. Tsukita,et al.  Size-selective loosening of the blood-brain barrier in claudin-5–deficient mice , 2003, The Journal of cell biology.

[87]  C. Roussos,et al.  Angiopoietin‐1 inhibits endothelial permeability, neutrophil adherence and IL‐8 production , 2003, British journal of pharmacology.

[88]  D. Ribatti,et al.  Severe alterations of endothelial and glial cells in the blood‐brain barrier of dystrophic mdx mice , 2003, Glia.

[89]  Eng H. Lo,et al.  Neurological diseases: Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke , 2003, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[90]  R. Rao,et al.  Tyrosine phosphorylation of occludin attenuates its interactions with ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3. , 2003, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[91]  D. Goodenough,et al.  Paracellular ion channel at the tight junction. , 2003, Biophysical journal.

[92]  B. Engelhardt,et al.  Localization of claudin-3 in tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier is selectively lost during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and human glioblastoma multiforme , 2003, Acta Neuropathologica.

[93]  S. Mousa,et al.  Signaling through JAM-1 and alphavbeta3 is required for the angiogenic action of bFGF: dissociation of the JAM-1 and alphavbeta3 complex. , 2003, Blood.

[94]  S. Nag,et al.  Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier breakdown. , 2003, Methods in molecular medicine.

[95]  G. Zadeh,et al.  Neoangiogenesis in human astrocytomas: expression and functional role of angiopoietins and their cognate receptors. , 2003, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[96]  L. Roncali,et al.  Expression of caveolin-1 in human brain microvessels , 2002, Neuroscience.

[97]  G. Rosenberg Rosenberg GA. Matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation. GLIA 2002;39(3):279–291. , 2002 .

[98]  M Chopp,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 reduces cerebral blood vessel leakage and ischemic lesion volume after focal cerebral embolic ischemia in mice , 2002, Neuroscience.

[99]  J. Eubanks,et al.  Differential Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‐A (VEGF‐A) and VEGF‐B After Brain Injury , 2002, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[100]  G. Rosenberg Matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation , 2002, Glia.

[101]  R. Stan Structure and function of endothelial caveolae , 2002, Microscopy research and technique.

[102]  M. Simionescu,et al.  Transcytosis of plasma macromolecules in endothelial cells: A cell biological survey , 2002, Microscopy research and technique.

[103]  S. McQuaid,et al.  Abnormal Endothelial Tight Junctions in Active Lesions and Normal‐appearing White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis , 2002, Brain pathology.

[104]  P. Oh,et al.  Targeting endothelium and its dynamic caveolae for tissue-specific transcytosis in vivo: A pathway to overcome cell barriers to drug and gene delivery , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[105]  A. Zernecke,et al.  JAM-1 is a ligand of the β2 integrin LFA-1 involved in transendothelial migration of leukocytes , 2002, Nature Immunology.

[106]  M. Itoh,et al.  Multi-PDZ Domain Protein 1 (MUPP1) Is Concentrated at Tight Junctions through Its Possible Interaction with Claudin-1 and Junctional Adhesion Molecule* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[107]  S. Nag The blood-brain barrier and cerebral angiogenesis: lessons from the cold-injury model. , 2002, Trends in molecular medicine.

[108]  David S. Park,et al.  Caveolae-deficient Endothelial Cells Show Defects in the Uptake and Transport of Albumin in Vivo * , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[109]  S. Cunningham,et al.  Cloning of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule 3 (JAM3) and Its Identification as the JAM2 Counter-receptor* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[110]  M. Fini,et al.  Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Knock-Out on the Proteolysis of Blood–Brain Barrier and White Matter Components after Cerebral Ischemia , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[111]  M. Drab,et al.  Loss of Caveolae, Vascular Dysfunction, and Pulmonary Defects in Caveolin-1 Gene-Disrupted Mice , 2001, Science.

[112]  J. Couet,et al.  Cell biology of caveolae and caveolin. , 2001, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[113]  J. Schnitzer,et al.  Caveolae: from basic trafficking mechanisms to targeting transcytosis for tissue-specific drug and gene delivery in vivo. , 2001, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[114]  K. Alitalo,et al.  Tie receptors: new modulators of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses , 2001, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[115]  Shoichiro Tsukita,et al.  Multifunctional strands in tight junctions , 2001, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[116]  D. Schiffer,et al.  Expression of Angiopoietin-1 in Human Glioblastomas Regulates Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[117]  M. Lisanti,et al.  Cellular Stress Induces the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Caveolin-1 (Tyr14) via Activation of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and c-Src kinase , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[118]  B. Cohen,et al.  Leptin Induces Angiopoietin-2 Expression in Adipose Tissues* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[119]  M. Lisanti,et al.  Cellular stress induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Tyr(14)) via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Src kinase. Evidence for caveolae, the actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesions as mechanical sensors of osmotic stress. , 2001, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[120]  Asma Nusrat,et al.  Junction Adhesion Molecule Is a Receptor for Reovirus , 2001, Cell.

[121]  Michael Chopp,et al.  Src deficiency or blockade of Src activity in mice provides cerebral protection following stroke , 2001, Nature Medicine.

[122]  Z. Werb,et al.  How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. , 2001, Annual review of cell and developmental biology.

[123]  R. Borchardt,et al.  VEGF increases BMEC monolayer permeability by affecting occludin expression and tight junction assembly. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[124]  D. Stewart,et al.  Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases and Nitrotyrosine during Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown and Repair after Cold Injury , 2001, Laboratory Investigation.

[125]  P. Shannon,et al.  Expression and hypoxic regulation of angiopoietins in human astrocytomas. , 2001, Neuro-oncology.

[126]  M. Fini,et al.  Role for Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 after Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Effects of Gene Knockout and Enzyme Inhibition with BB-94 , 2000, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[127]  T. Noda,et al.  Complex phenotype of mice lacking occludin, a component of tight junction strands. , 2000, Molecular biology of the cell.

[128]  T. Kita,et al.  Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is phosphorylated by protein kinase C upon platelet activation. , 2000, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC.

[129]  J. Gamble,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 Is an Antipermeability and Anti-Inflammatory Agent In Vitro and Targets Cell Junctions , 2000, Circulation research.

[130]  G. Pendl,et al.  Junctional adhesion molecule interacts with the PDZ domain-containing proteins AF-6 and ZO-1. , 2000, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[131]  F. Orsenigo,et al.  Interaction of Junctional Adhesion Molecule with the Tight Junction Components ZO-1, Cingulin, and Occludin* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[132]  S. Hemmerich,et al.  Vascular Endothelial Junction-associated Molecule, a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily, Is Localized to Intercellular Boundaries of Endothelial Cells* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[133]  W. Mayhan Nitric oxide donor-induced increase in permeability of the blood–brain barrier , 2000, Brain Research.

[134]  R. Amirnovin,et al.  Vascular Apoptosis and Involution in Gliomas Precede Neovascularization: A Novel Concept for Glioma Growth and Angiogenesis , 2000, Laboratory Investigation.

[135]  P. Verkade,et al.  Tight junctions are membrane microdomains. , 2000, Journal of cell science.

[136]  N. Glazer,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 protects the adult vasculature against plasma leakage , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[137]  R. Kalb,et al.  Angiopoietin-1 Inhibits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via the Akt/Survivin Pathway* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[138]  G. Vrensen,et al.  VEGF-A induced hyperpermeability of blood-retinal barrier endothelium in vivo is predominantly associated with pinocytotic vesicular transport and not with formation of fenestrations , 2000 .

[139]  H. Mennel [Mechanisms of angiogenesis in the brain]. , 2000, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al].

[140]  Thomas N. Sato,et al.  Leakage-resistant blood vessels in mice transgenically overexpressing angiopoietin-1. , 1999, Science.

[141]  S. Jain,et al.  Role of PI 3-kinase in angiopoietin-1-mediated migration and attachment-dependent survival of endothelial cells. , 1999, Experimental cell research.

[142]  M. Itoh,et al.  Direct Binding of Three Tight Junction-Associated Maguks, Zo-1, Zo-2, and Zo-3, with the Cooh Termini of Claudins , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[143]  S. Brodie,et al.  CNS Myelin and Sertoli Cell Tight Junction Strands Are Absent in Osp/Claudin-11 Null Mice , 1999, Cell.

[144]  C. Achim,et al.  Blood-brain barrier tight junction disruption in human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis. , 1999, The American journal of pathology.

[145]  P. Schwartzberg,et al.  Selective requirement for Src kinases during VEGF-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability. , 1999, Molecular cell.

[146]  N. van Bruggen,et al.  VEGF antagonism reduces edema formation and tissue damage after ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse brain. , 1999, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[147]  G. Palade,et al.  PV-1 is a component of the fenestral and stomatal diaphragms in fenestrated endothelia. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[148]  G. Yancopoulos,et al.  In Situ Expression of Angiopoietins in Astrocytomas Identifies Angiopoietin-2 as an Early Marker of Tumor Angiogenesis , 1999, Experimental Neurology.

[149]  G. Yancopoulos,et al.  New model of tumor angiogenesis: dynamic balance between vessel regression and growth mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF , 1999, Oncogene.

[150]  U. Hellman,et al.  Differential Binding of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B Splice and Proteolytic Isoforms to Neuropilin-1* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[151]  G. Yancopoulos,et al.  Vessel cooption, regression, and growth in tumors mediated by angiopoietins and VEGF. , 1999, Science.

[152]  B. Jacobson,et al.  Isolation, Cloning, and Localization of Rat PV-1, a Novel Endothelial Caveolar Protein , 1999, The Journal of cell biology.

[153]  E. Oldfield,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulates vascular permeability and inflammation in rat brain. , 1999, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[154]  K. Plate,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor expression, vascular volume, and, capillary permeability in human brain tumors. , 1999, Neurosurgery.

[155]  N. Copeland,et al.  Angiopoietins 3 and 4: diverging gene counterparts in mice and humans. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[156]  M. Itoh,et al.  Characterization of ZO-2 as a MAGUK Family Member Associated with Tight as well as Adherens Junctions with a Binding Affinity to Occludin and α Catenin* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[157]  K. Fujimoto,et al.  Claudin multigene family encoding four-transmembrane domain protein components of tight junction strands. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[158]  L. Rubin,et al.  The cell biology of the blood-brain barrier. , 1999, Annual review of neuroscience.

[159]  J. Tarbell,et al.  Vascular permeability in experimental diabetes is associated with reduced endothelial occludin content: vascular endothelial growth factor decreases occludin in retinal endothelial cells. Penn State Retina Research Group. , 1998, Diabetes.

[160]  R. E. Luna,et al.  Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic valves of patients with Marfan's syndrome. , 1998, Circulation.

[161]  James M. Anderson,et al.  The Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 Establishes a Link between the Transmembrane Protein Occludin and the Actin Cytoskeleton* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[162]  G. Rosenberg,et al.  Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cerebrovascular Disease , 1998, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[163]  K. Plate,et al.  Cell type-specific expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 suggests a role in glioblastoma angiogenesis. , 1998, The American journal of pathology.

[164]  K. Fujimoto,et al.  A Single Gene Product, Claudin-1 or -2, Reconstitutes Tight Junction Strands and Recruits Occludin in Fibroblasts , 1998, The Journal of cell biology.

[165]  G. Rosenberg,et al.  Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs are associated with blood-brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat brain. , 1998, Stroke.

[166]  M. Shibuya,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and regulates plasminogen activator activity in endothelial cells. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[167]  William Arbuthnot Sir Lane,et al.  Affinity-purification and characterization of caveolins from the brain: Differential expression of caveolin-1, -2, and -3 in brain endothelial and astroglial cell types , 1998, Brain Research.

[168]  J. Isner,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C/VEGF-2) promotes angiogenesis in the setting of tissue ischemia. , 1998, The American journal of pathology.

[169]  E. Dejana,et al.  Junctional Adhesion Molecule, a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily That Distributes at Intercellular Junctions and Modulates Monocyte Transmigration , 1998, The Journal of cell biology.

[170]  M. Simionescu,et al.  Protein and fatty acid composition of caveolae from apical plasmalemma of aortic endothelial cells , 1998, Cell and Tissue Research.

[171]  M. Tarnawski,et al.  Increased blood–brain barrier permeability and endothelial abnormalities induced by vascular endothelial growth factor , 1998, Journal of neurocytology.

[172]  S. Nag Introduction to the Blood–Brain Barrier: Blood–brain barrier permeability measured with histochemistry , 1998 .

[173]  A. Clark,et al.  Increased gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9) activities in human brain after focal ischemia , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[174]  M. Dewhirst,et al.  Tie2 expression and phosphorylation in angiogenic and quiescent adult tissues. , 1997, Circulation research.

[175]  JENNIFER L. TAKAHASHI,et al.  Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Blood‐Brain Barrier Breakdown and Angiogenesis in Brain Trauma , 1997, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[176]  L. Rubin,et al.  Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. , 1997, Journal of cell science.

[177]  Thomas N. Sato,et al.  Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis. , 1997, Science.

[178]  M. Wahl,et al.  Brain edema: pathogenesis and therapy. , 1997, Kidney international. Supplement.

[179]  C. Palmer,et al.  Brain edema in meningiomas is associated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression. , 1997, Neurosurgery.

[180]  A. Guha,et al.  Meningiomas: role of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor in angiogenesis and peritumoral edema. , 1997, Neurosurgery.

[181]  Pamela F. Jones,et al.  Isolation of Angiopoietin-1, a Ligand for the TIE2 Receptor, by Secretion-Trap Expression Cloning , 1996, Cell.

[182]  S. Kalkanis,et al.  Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression with peritumoral vasogenic cerebral edema in meningiomas. , 1996, Journal of neurosurgery.

[183]  M. Lisanti,et al.  Src tyrosine kinases, Galpha subunits, and H-Ras share a common membrane-anchored scaffolding protein, caveolin. Caveolin binding negatively regulates the auto-activation of Src tyrosine kinases. , 1996, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[184]  Jan E. Schnitzer,et al.  Role of GTP Hydrolysis in Fission of Caveolae Directly from Plasma Membranes , 1996, Science.

[185]  L. Rubin,et al.  Cell adhesion, cell junctions and the blood—brain barrier , 1996, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[186]  K. Alitalo,et al.  Genomic Organization of the Mouse and Human Genes for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B (VEGF-B) and Characterization of a Second Splice Isoform* , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[187]  S. Nag Cold-Injury of the Cerebral Cortex: Immunolocalization of Cellular Proteins and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Studies , 1996, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[188]  K. Alitalo,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor B, a novel growth factor for endothelial cells. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[189]  J. Rossant,et al.  The receptor tyrosine kinase TIE is required for integrity and survival of vascular endothelial cells. , 1995, The EMBO journal.

[190]  Richard G. W. Anderson,et al.  Compartmentalized Production of Ceramide at the Cell Surface (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[191]  R. Parton,et al.  De novo formation of caveolae in lymphocytes by expression of VIP21-caveolin. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[192]  P. Oh,et al.  Endothelial Caveolae Have the Molecular Transport Machinery for Vesicle Budding, Docking, and Fusion Including VAMP, NSF, SNAP, Annexins, and GTPases (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[193]  P. Oh,et al.  NEM inhibits transcytosis, endocytosis, and capillary permeability: implication of caveolae fusion in endothelia. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[194]  M. Itoh,et al.  Direct association of occludin with ZO-1 and its possible involvement in the localization of occludin at tight junctions , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[195]  M. Lisanti,et al.  Caveolae, caveolin and caveolin-rich membrane domains: a signalling hypothesis. , 1994, Trends in cell biology.

[196]  R. F. Cook,et al.  Characterization of caveolin-rich membrane domains isolated from an endothelial-rich source: implications for human disease , 1994, The Journal of cell biology.

[197]  W. Risau,et al.  Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Effects of tissue culture, second messengers and cocultured astrocytes. , 1994, Journal of cell science.

[198]  D. Begg,et al.  Concentration-dependent effects of cytochalasin D on tight junctions and actin filaments in MDCK epithelial cells. , 1994, Journal of cell science.

[199]  R. Parton,et al.  Ultrastructural localization of gangliosides; GM1 is concentrated in caveolae. , 1994, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[200]  M. Itoh,et al.  Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions , 1993, The Journal of cell biology.

[201]  K. Magnusson,et al.  Microtubules are involved in transport of macromolecules by vesicles in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells , 1993, Journal of cellular physiology.

[202]  D. Dumont,et al.  The endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, tek, is a member of a new subfamily of receptors. , 1993, Oncogene.

[203]  A. Wilks,et al.  tie2, a putative protein tyrosine kinase from a new class of cell surface receptor. , 1993, Growth factors.

[204]  Georg Breier,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential tumour angiogenesis factor in human gliomas in vivo , 1992, Nature.

[205]  G. Breier,et al.  Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor during embryonic angiogenesis and endothelial cell differentiation. , 1992, Development.

[206]  R. G. Anderson,et al.  Potocytosis: sequestration and transport of small molecules by caveolae. , 1992, Science.

[207]  N. Simionescu,et al.  Endothelial transport of macromolecules: transcytosis and endocytosis. A look from cell biology. , 1991, Cell biology reviews : CBR.

[208]  R. G. Anderson,et al.  Cholesterol controls the clustering of the glycophospholipid-anchored membrane receptor for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate , 1990, The Journal of cell biology.

[209]  U. Naik,et al.  Activation of human platelets by a stimulatory monoclonal antibody. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[210]  J. Shively,et al.  Brain Capillary 46,000 Dalton Protein is Cytoplasmic Actin and is Localized to Endothelial Plasma Membrane , 1989, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[211]  H. Vinters,et al.  A quantitative analysis of blood-brain barrier ultrastructure in the aging human. , 1987, Microvascular research.

[212]  S. Rapoport,et al.  Cerebrovascular Permeability Coefficients to Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride , 1986, Journal of neurochemistry.

[213]  H. Wiśniewski,et al.  Ultrastructural localization of lectin receptors on the luminal and abluminal aspects of brain micro-blood vessels. , 1986, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[214]  N. Sposito,et al.  Differences in function and structure of the capillary endothelium in gray matter, white matter and a circumventricular organ of rat brain. , 1986, Blood vessels.

[215]  J. Hardebo,et al.  Endothelial negative surface charge areas and blood-brain barrier function. , 1985, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[216]  P. Stewart,et al.  Morphometric analysis of CNS microvascular endothelium. , 1985, Microvascular research.

[217]  D. Weiss,et al.  Gliding movement of and bidirectional transport along single native microtubules from squid axoplasm: evidence for an active role of microtubules in cytoplasmic transport , 1985, The Journal of cell biology.

[218]  Michael P. Sheetz,et al.  Single microtubules from squid axoplasm support bidirectional movement of organelles , 1985, Cell.

[219]  A. Unterberg,et al.  Effects of Bradykinin on Permeability and Diameter of Pial Vessels In vivo , 1984, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[220]  R. Shivers,et al.  OPENING OF THE BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER IN ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS. A HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE PROTEIN TRACER STUDY , 1984, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[221]  I Hüttner,et al.  Fracture faces of cell junctions in cerebral endothelium during normal and hyperosmotic conditions. , 1984, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[222]  Z. Nagy,et al.  Charge-related alterations of the cerebral endothelium. , 1983, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[223]  S. M. Shea,et al.  Vesicular diffusion and thermal forces. , 1983, Federation proceedings.

[224]  M. Brightman,et al.  Morphology of cerebral endothelium and astrocytes as determinants of the neuronal microenvironment. , 1983, Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum.

[225]  S. Olesen,et al.  Electrical resistance of brain microvascular endothelium , 1982, Brain Research.

[226]  N. Simionescu,et al.  Structural aspects of the permeability of the microvascular endothelium. , 1979, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[227]  S. Nag,et al.  Cytoplasmic filaments in intracerebral cortical vessels , 1978, Annals of neurology.

[228]  A. Edelman,et al.  Effect of plant cytokinins on microfilaments and tight junction permeability , 1976, Nature.

[229]  K. Mercer,et al.  Freeze-fracture appearance of the capillary endothelium in the cerebral cortex of mouse brain. , 1974, The American journal of anatomy.

[230]  Maia Simionescu,et al.  MORPHOMETRIC DATA ON THE ENDOTHELIUM OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES , 1974, The Journal of cell biology.

[231]  Thomas S. Reese,et al.  FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO EXOGENOUS PEROXIDASE , 1967, The Journal of cell biology.

[232]  A. Peters,et al.  QUINTUPLE-LAYERED MEMBRANE JUNCTIONS AT TERMINAL BARS BETWEEN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS , 1962, The Journal of cell biology.

[233]  E. Laskowski,et al.  THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDEMA, BLOOD‐BRAIN‐BARRIER AND TISSUE ELEMENTS IN A LOCAL BRAIN INJURY , 1958, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[234]  E. Yamada THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE GALL BLADDER EPITHELIUM OF THE MOUSE , 1955, The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology.

[235]  P. Ehrlich Das Sauerstoff-Bedürfniss des Organismus*: Eine farbenanalytische Studie , 1885 .