Animal Models for the Analysis of Immune Responses to Leishmaniasis

This unit focuses on the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis and models of visceral leishmaniasis in mice and hamsters. Each basic protocol describes the methods used to inoculate parasites and to evaluate infections with regard to lesion progression and visceralization, and quantification of parasite load. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

[1]  N. Peters,et al.  Site-Dependent Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells Determines the Effective Dose of Leishmania major , 2014, Infection and Immunity.

[2]  E. Adams,et al.  Duplex quantitative Reverse-Transcriptase PCR for simultaneous assessment of drug activity against Leishmania intracellular amastigotes and their host cells☆ , 2013, International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance.

[3]  R. Dey,et al.  A new model of progressive visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters by natural transmission via bites of vector sand flies. , 2013, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[4]  G. Van der Auwera,et al.  Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Leishmania (Viannia) Organisms in Skin and Mucosal Lesions: Exploratory Study of Parasite Load and Clinical Parameters , 2013, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[5]  C. Jaffe,et al.  Evaluation of PCR procedures for detecting and quantifying Leishmania donovani DNA in large numbers of dried human blood samples from a visceral leishmaniasis focus in Northern Ethiopia , 2013, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[6]  Maria L. Thompson,et al.  Cryopreservation and Thawing of Cells , 2012, Current protocols in immunology.

[7]  S. R. Uliana,et al.  Leishmania Metacyclogenesis Is Promoted in the Absence of Purines , 2012, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[8]  N. Saravia,et al.  Murine model of chronic L. (Viannia) panamensis infection: Role of IL‐13 in disease , 2010, European journal of immunology.

[9]  A. Zelazny,et al.  Viability and Burden of Leishmania in Extralesional Sites during Human Dermal Leishmaniasis , 2010, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[10]  J. C. Miranda,et al.  Immunity to a salivary protein of a sand fly vector protects against the fatal outcome of visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[11]  M. Farenhorst,et al.  Comparison between Quantitative Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification, Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR, and Real-Time PCR for Quantification of Leishmania Parasites , 2007, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[12]  G. Milon,et al.  Leishmania DNA is rapidly degraded following parasite death: an analysis by microscopy and real-time PCR. , 2007, Microbes and infection.

[13]  John Donovan,et al.  Parenteral Injections , 2006, Current protocols in immunology.

[14]  John Donovan,et al.  Blood Collection , 2006, Current protocols in immunology.

[15]  D. Sacks,et al.  Nonhealing Infection despite Th1 Polarization Produced by a Strain of Leishmania major in C57BL/6 Mice , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[16]  John Donovan,et al.  Handling and Restraint , 2004, Current protocols in neuroscience.

[17]  L. Munstermann,et al.  Intradermal Infection Model for Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies of Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis , 2003, Infection and Immunity.

[18]  E. Saraiva,et al.  Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis metacyclic promastigotes purified using Bauhinia purpurea lectin are complement resistant and highly infective for macrophages in vitro and hamsters in vivo. , 2002, International journal for parasitology.

[19]  I. C. Almeida,et al.  Leishmania chagasi: lipophosphoglycan characterization and binding to the midgut of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis. , 2002, Molecular and biochemical parasitology.

[20]  G. Milon,et al.  Real-Time PCR for Detection and Quantitation of Leishmania in Mouse Tissues , 2002, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[21]  S. Beverley,et al.  A lipophosphoglycan-independent method for isolation of infective Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by density gradient centrifugation. , 2001, Experimental parasitology.

[22]  W. Strober,et al.  Monitoring cell growth. , 2001, Current protocols in immunology.

[23]  John Donovan,et al.  UNIT 1.4 Anesthesia , 2001 .

[24]  A. Kruisbeek.  Isolation of Mouse Mononuclear Cells , 2000, Current protocols in immunology.

[25]  G. Modi,et al.  Evolution of Lesion Formation, Parasitic Load, Immune Response, and Reservoir Potential in C57BL/6 Mice following High- and Low-Dose Challenge with Leishmania major , 2000, Infection and Immunity.

[26]  Y. Belkaid,et al.  A Natural Model of Leishmania major Infection Reveals a Prolonged “Silent” Phase of Parasite Amplification in the Skin Before the Onset of Lesion Formation and Immunity , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[27]  G. Modi,et al.  Intra-species and stage-specific polymorphisms in lipophosphoglycan structure control Leishmania donovani-sand fly interactions. , 1999, Biochemistry.

[28]  N. Glaichenhaus,et al.  Presentation of the Leishmania antigen LACK by infected macrophages is dependent upon the virulence of the phagocytosed parasites , 1999, European journal of immunology.

[29]  C. Jaffe,et al.  Leishmania tropica: the identification and purification of metacyclic promastigotes and use in establishing mouse and hamster models of cutaneous and visceral disease. , 1998, Experimental parasitology.

[30]  G. Freeman,et al.  Cloning of Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Cytokine cDNAs and Analysis of Cytokine mRNA Expression in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis , 1998, Infection and Immunity.

[31]  M. Chance,et al.  In vitro stimulation of metacyclogenesis in Leishmania braziliensis, L. donovani, L. major and L. mexicana , 1998, Parasitology.

[32]  W. McMaster,et al.  Targeted gene deletion of Leishmania major genes encoding developmental stage‐specific leishmanolysin (GP63) , 1998, Molecular microbiology.

[33]  P. Melby,et al.  Regional Differences in the Cellular Immune Response to Experimental Cutaneous or Visceral Infection withLeishmania donovani , 1998, Infection and Immunity.

[34]  J. Blackwell.  Genetic susceptibility to leishmanial infections: studies in mice and man , 1996, Parasitology.

[35]  C. Jaffe,et al.  Experimental models for leishmaniasis and for testing anti-leishmanial vaccines. , 1995, Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.

[36]  C. Jaffe,et al.  Structure of Leishmania lipophosphoglycan: inter- and intra-specific polymorphism in Old World species. , 1995, The Biochemical journal.

[37]  M. McConville,et al.  Stage-specific binding of Leishmania donovani to the sand fly vector midgut is regulated by conformational changes in the abundant surface lipophosphoglycan , 1995, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[38]  G. S. Nabors,et al.  Site-specific immunity to Leishmania major in SWR mice: the site of infection influences susceptibility and expression of the antileishmanial immune response , 1994, Infection and immunity.

[39]  D. Malo,et al.  Natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites: Isolation of a candidate for Bcg , 1993, Cell.

[40]  D. Malo,et al.  Natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites: Isolation of a candidate for Bcg , 1993, Cell.

[41]  M. Ferguson,et al.  Developmental modification of lipophosphoglycan during the differentiation of Leishmania major promastigotes to an infectious stage. , 1992, The EMBO journal.

[42]  H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann,et al.  Establishment of stable, cell-mediated immunity that makes "susceptible" mice resistant to Leishmania major. , 1992, Science.

[43]  J. Engel,et al.  Leishmania donovani: long-term culture of axenic amastigotes at 37 degrees C. , 1991, Experimental parasitology.

[44]  J. Castracane,et al.  Wasting and macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and interleukin 1 in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. , 1990, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[45]  B. Travi,et al.  Infectivity of the subspecies of the Leishmania braziliensis complex in vivo and in vitro. , 1990, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[46]  J. Pettitt,et al.  Leishmania major and L. donovani: a method for rapid purification of amastigotes. , 1990, Experimental parasitology.

[47]  D. Mcmahon-Pratt,et al.  Extracellular cultivation and morphological characterization of amastigote-like forms of Leishmania panamensis and L. braziliensis. , 1989, The Journal of protozoology.

[48]  D. Sacks.  Metacyclogenesis in Leishmania promastigotes. , 1989, Experimental parasitology.

[49]  J. O. Hill,et al.  Leishmania spp.: agar plating as an alternative to limiting dilution and impression smears for the enumeration of viable parasites in tissue. , 1987, Experimental parasitology.

[50]  P. Kaye,et al.  Immunoregulatory pathways in murine leishmaniasis: different regulatory control during Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania major infections. , 1985, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[51]  T. Boon,et al.  A limiting dilution assay for quantifying Leishmania major in tissues of infected mice , 1985, Parasite immunology.

[52]  K H Jones,et al.  An improved method to determine cell viability by simultaneous staining with fluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide. , 1985, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[53]  A. Pan.  Leishmania mexicana: serial cultivation of intracellular stages in a cell-free medium. , 1984, Experimental parasitology.

[54]  E. Handman,et al.  Vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice using nonpathogenic cloned promastigotes of Leishmania major and importance of route of injection. , 1984, The Australian journal of experimental biology and medical science.

[55]  P. V. Perkins,et al.  Identification of an infective stage of Leishmania promastigotes. , 1984, Science.

[56]  W. de Souza,et al.  Isolation and purification of amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis by a gradient of Metrizamide. , 1983, The Journal of parasitology.

[57]  R. North,et al.  Advantages of measuring changes in the number of viable parasites in murine models of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis , 1983, Infection and immunity.

[58]  D. Sacks,et al.  Late metastatic Leishmaniasis in the mouse. A model for mucocutaneous disease. , 1983, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[59]  P. Scott,et al.  Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis: disseminated leishmaniasis in genetically susceptible and resistant mice. , 1982, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[60]  C. Taswell,et al.  Limiting dilution assays for the determination of immunocompetent cell frequencies. I. Data analysis. , 1981, Journal of immunology.

[61]  C. Hale,et al.  Immunological regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 1. Immunogenetic aspects of susceptibility to Leishmania tvopica in mice , 1980, Parasite immunology.

[62]  J. Blackwell,et al.  Influence of H–2 complex on acquired resistance to Leishmania donovani infection in mice , 1980, Nature.

[63]  H. Pérez,et al.  Variations in the response of five strains of mice to Leishmania mexicana. , 1979, International journal for parasitology.

[64]  D. Bradley.  Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. II. genetic control of acute susceptibility of mice to Leishmania donovani infection. , 1977, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[65]  M. Giannini.  Effects of promastigote growth phase, frequency of subculture, and host age on promastigote-initiated infections with Leishmania donovani in the golden hamster. , 1974, The Journal of protozoology.

[66]  L. A. Stauber,et al.  The origin and significance of the distribution of parasites in visceral leishmaniasis. , 1966, Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[67]  S. Kamhawi,et al.  Molecular aspects of parasite-vector and vector-host interactions in leishmaniasis. , 2001, Annual review of microbiology.

[68]  J. Engel,et al.  Leishmania donovani: long-term culture of axenic amastigotes at 37 degrees C. , 1991, Experimental parasitology.

[69]  J. Adler.  The origin of the golden hamster as a laboratory animal. , 1989, Israel journal of medical sciences.