Screening of Biological Activities of Ligustrum lucidum Berries: A Comparative Approach

Ligustrum lucidum Aiton including its berries have been used in Chinese Traditional Medicine for around 2000 years. Scientific studies developed on the last decades provided evidence on some biological properties of these products, mostly from particular geographic origins. In the present study, L. lucidium berries harvested in two regions of Portugal were considered. Extracts obtained with 100% ethanol, with 50% ethanol/water (v/v) and in boiled water were prepared and several parameters were assessed: antioxidant activity (using two methodologies), antimicrobial activity and phenolic profile. Results suggest that the different biological activities varied according to the region where samples were collected but also with the extraction methodology. Superior antioxidant potential was observed in water extracts, according to both assays, while for the remaining activities the ethanol 50% extracts had the highest activity. In these regions, the L. lucidum berries showed promising biological activities and may be interesting sources of compounds for the development of new drugs for diseases where oxidant reactive species and enzymatic disruption are believed to play a role as well as adjuvants for current antibiotic therapy.

[1]  O. Anjos,et al.  EXTRACTIVE METHOD OPTIMIZATION FOR Ligustrum lucidum THAT LEADS TO A BETTER FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY , 2017 .

[2]  Dongwei Zhang,et al.  Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Osteoporosis: A Review of its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Safety , 2017, Molecules.

[3]  U. Lindequist,et al.  Inhibition of Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells by Extracts and Compounds from Armillaria ostoyae , 2017, Planta Medica International Open.

[4]  Y. Cherrah,et al.  Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Potential of Cistus salviifolius (L.) and Cistus monspeliensis (L.) Aerial Parts Extracts against Key Enzymes Linked to Hyperglycemia , 2017, BioMed research international.

[5]  R. Schmitz,et al.  Antimicrobial and anti-Quorum Sensing activities of selected medicinal plants of Ethiopia: Implication for development of potent antimicrobial agents , 2016, BMC Microbiology.

[6]  V. Bajpai,et al.  Chemical characterization and mode of action of Ligustrum lucidum flower essential oil against food-borne pathogenic bacteria , 2016 .

[7]  C. Che,et al.  Ligustrum lucidum and its Constituents: A Mini-Review on the Anti-Osteoporosis Potential , 2015, Natural product communications.

[8]  Sang Hyun Kim,et al.  Anti-obesity Effect of (8-E)-Nüzhenide, a Secoiridoid from Ligustrum lucidum, in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice , 2014, Natural product communications.

[9]  Qipeng Yuan,et al.  Phytochemical properties and antioxidant capacities of various colored berries. , 2014, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[10]  R. Jenkins,et al.  Proteomic and genomic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exposed to manuka honey in vitro demonstrated down-regulation of virulence markers , 2013, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[11]  E. Attard.  A rapid microtitre plate Folin-Ciocalteu method for the assessment of polyphenols 1 , 2012 .

[12]  C. JaimeGuerrero,et al.  Antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, and total phenols of wild and cultivated berries in Chile. , 2010 .

[13]  R. Malheiro,et al.  Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernels as a source of antioxidants and their potential in relation to other nuts. , 2010 .

[14]  O. Paredes-López,et al.  Berries: Improving Human Health and Healthy Aging, and Promoting Quality Life—A Review , 2010, Plant foods for human nutrition.

[15]  G. Agati,et al.  Mesophyll distribution of 'antioxidant' flavonoid glycosides in Ligustrum vulgare leaves under contrasting sunlight irradiance. , 2009, Annals of botany.

[16]  P. Kesika,et al.  Bioprotective properties of seaweeds: In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against food borne bacteria in relation to polyphenolic content , 2008, BMC complementary and alternative medicine.

[17]  Y. Li,et al.  Antidiabetic potential of oleanolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum Ait. , 2007, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[18]  I. Richards.  Principles and Practice of Toxicology in Public Health , 2007 .

[19]  R. Apak,et al.  Comparative evaluation of Fe(III) reducing power-based antioxidant capacity assays in the presence of phenanthroline, batho-phenanthroline, tripyridyltriazine (FRAP), and ferricyanide reagents. , 2007, Talanta.

[20]  K. R. Markham,et al.  Structure information from HPLC and on-line measured absorption spectra: flavones, flavonols and phenolic acids , 2007 .

[21]  Miguel A R B Castanho,et al.  Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different are they? , 2006, The Biochemical journal.

[22]  G. Agati,et al.  Differential accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare under excess light and drought stress. , 2004, The New phytologist.

[23]  A. Yu,et al.  MECC determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid isomers in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. , 2003, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[24]  R. S. Lanigan,et al.  Final Report on the Safety Assessment of BHT , 2002, International journal of toxicology.

[25]  K. Ko,et al.  Hepatoprotective action of an oleanolic acid‐enriched extract of Ligustrum lucidum fruits is mediated through an enhancement on hepatic glutathione regeneration capacity in mice , 2001, Phytotherapy research : PTR.

[26]  C. P. Lau,et al.  Antioxidative glucosides from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. , 2001, Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[27]  W. Ye,et al.  Secoiridoid constituents from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. , 2001, Phytochemistry.

[28]  A. Romani,et al.  HPLC analysis of flavonoids and secoiridoids in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare L. (Oleaceae). , 2000, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  K. R. Markham,et al.  An approach to the characterization of bee pollens via their flavonoid/phenolic profiles , 1997 .

[30]  K. R. Markham,et al.  An unusually lipophilic flavonol glycoside from Ranunculus sardous pollen , 1997 .

[31]  C. Yang,et al.  Monoterpenoid and phenylethanoid glycosides from Ligustrum pedunculare. , 1994, Phytochemistry.

[32]  Y. Chong,et al.  GLYCOSIDES FROM LIGUSTRUM PURPURASCENS , 1992 .

[33]  H. Inouye,et al.  U¨ber die monoterpenglucoside und verwandte naturstoffe—XIX: U¨ber die struktur des nu¨zhenids, eines bitter schmeckenden glucosids aus Ligustrum lucidum sowie Ligustrum japonicum , 1972 .