Suitability analysis of practical directional algorithms for use in directional comparison bus protection based on IEC61850 process bus

A directional comparison bus protection can provide a high-speed bus fault clearing in an IEC61850 process-bus environment. This technique is based on fault direction for each circuit connected to the protected bus. Compared to biased current differential protection, the loss of accurate time synchronisation of the individual merging units does not cause the bus protection based on directional comparison to lose security. The suitability of various practical directional techniques is investigated from the viewpoint of directional comparison bus protection for an IEC61850 process bus. A modification in the superimposed directional algorithm for bus protection is proposed to overcome the major problems resulted from breaker operations. As a part of this modification, a new technique is proposed to determine the bus voltage from feeder voltages to avoid the need for an additional three-phase CVT on the bus. PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB are utilised to simulate the power system and various directional algorithms, respectively. Results are reported and compared.

[1]  F. Engler,et al.  Transient Signals and Their Processing in an Ultra High-Speed Directional Relay for EHV/UHV Transmission Line Protection , 1985, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[2]  A.P. Apostolov,et al.  Superimposed components based sub-cycle protection of transmission lines , 2004, IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004..

[3]  S. Chano,et al.  Characterization of phase and amplitude comparators in UHS directional relays , 1997 .

[4]  M. S. Sachdev,et al.  Microprocessor-based busbar protection system , 2000 .

[5]  Udaya Annakkage,et al.  A current transformer model based on the Jiles-Atherton theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis , 2000 .

[6]  J. L. Blackburn,et al.  Negative-Sequence Directional Ground Relaying , 1962, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[7]  E. O. Schweitzer,et al.  Negative-sequence overcurrent element application and coordination in distribution protection , 1993 .

[8]  A. Pradhan,et al.  Fault direction estimation in radial distribution system using phase-change in sequencecurrent , 2007, 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.

[9]  G. W. Swift,et al.  A new positive sequence directional element for numerical distance relays , 1995, IEEE WESCANEX 95. Communications, Power, and Computing. Conference Proceedings.

[10]  Arun G. Phadke,et al.  Power System Relaying , 1992 .

[11]  M. S. Sachdev,et al.  A busbar protection technique and its performance during CT saturation and CT ratio-mismatch , 2000 .

[12]  A. Apostolov,et al.  Which One Is Better - Line Differential or Directional Comparison? , 2008 .

[13]  G. W. Swift,et al.  A new directional element for numerical distance relays , 1995 .

[14]  Walter Elmore,et al.  Protective Relaying Theory And Applications , 1994 .

[15]  A. P. Apostolov.  High speed peer-to-peer communications based bus protection , 2001, 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37194).

[16]  M. Vitins,et al.  A Fundamental Concept for High Speed Relaying , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[17]  A. Apostolov.  IEC 61850 based bus protection — Principles and benefits , 2009, 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.