Analysis of aged red wine pigments by capillary zone electrophoresis.

Red wines of different ages (1-14 years) were analysed by Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Pigments were separated using a fused silica capillary with an effective length of 56 cm and an internal diameter of 75 cm. Disodium tetraborate at 50 mM with a pH of 9.4 was used as buffer solution with methanol as modifier. Electrophoregrams were recorded at 280, 520 and 599 nm and spectra were measured from 200 to 599 nm using a diode array detector. Several differences in the CZE signals obtained for different aged wines were observed, as well as between red and white wines. The signals of a group of seven peaks increased in mature wines. A decrease in free anthocyanins was also identified in aged wine. The migration times of these compounds corresponded to charge/size ratios higher than those of free anthocyanins, and their spectra suggested combinations of anthocyanins with flavanols or tannins. The global CZE response of these pigmented polyphenolic polymers was linearly correlated with the spectrophotometric determination of polymeric pigments (96%) and age (92%).

[1]  M. González-Sanjosé,et al.  Identification of anthocyanin derivatives in grape skin extracts and red wines by liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection , 1999 .

[2]  C. F. Timberlake,et al.  The Determination of Anthocyanins in Aging Red Wines: Comparison of HPLC and Spectral Methods , 1986, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

[3]  M. Herderich,et al.  Structures and colour properties of new red wine pigments , 2003 .

[4]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  Identification of anthocyanin-flavanol pigments in red wines by NMR and mass spectrometry. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[5]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  A new class of blue anthocyanin-derived pigments isolated from red wines. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[6]  Elizabeth J. Waters,et al.  Analysis of pigmented polymers in red wine by reverse phase HPLC , 2002 .

[7]  R. Flamini Mass spectrometry in grape and wine chemistry. Part I: polyphenols. , 2003, Mass spectrometry reviews.

[8]  T. Somers The polymeric nature of wine pigments , 1971 .

[9]  T. Somers,et al.  Spectral evaluation of young red wines: Anthocyanin equilibria, total phenolics, free and molecular SO2, “chemical age” , 1977 .

[10]  C. Santos-Buelga,et al.  Isolation and structural characterization of new acylated anthocyanin-vinyl-flavanol pigments occurring in aging red wines. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[11]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  Interactions between catechin and malvidin-3-monoglucoside in model solutions , 1995 .

[12]  Véronique Cheynier,et al.  First confirmation in red wine of products resulting from direct anthocyanin-tannin reactions. , 2000, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[13]  Y. Glories,et al.  Copigmentation in Model Wine Solutions: Occurrence and Relation to Wine Aging , 1999 .

[14]  P. Fernández-Zurbano,et al.  Development and validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the quantitative determination of anthocyanins in wine. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[15]  E. Haslam,et al.  Polyphenol interactions. Anthocyanins: Co‐pigmentation and colour changes in red wines , 1992 .

[16]  R. Boulton The Copigmentation of Anthocyanins and Its Role in the Color of Red Wine: A Critical Review , 2001, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

[17]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  Detection of Compounds Formed through the Reaction of Malvidin 3-Monoglucoside and Catechin in the Presence of Acetaldehyde , 1995 .

[18]  V. de Freitas,et al.  Occurrence of anthocyanin-derived pigments in red wines. , 2001, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

[19]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  Anthocyanin-derived pigments and colour of red wines , 2002 .

[20]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  Reaction Between Malvidin 3‐Glucoside and (+)‐Catechin in Model Solutions Containing Different Aldehydes , 2003 .

[21]  J. Rivas-Gonzalo,et al.  Structural diversity of anthocyanin-derived pigments in port wines , 2002 .