The calculation of ironing force

Abstract In the work reported in this paper, tinplate of 0.28 mm thickness was tested in ironing. The various characteristics of ironing force and the main reasons causing its variation are known from experiment. Based on these, a new method of calculating ironing force considering work-hardening is proposed. Special computer programs have been written, not only to calculate ironing force but also to check the effect of variation in process variables in primary design. Computations are carried out for every stage of ironing. The ironing forces are determined from this computation, the comparison of the computed results with those from experiment showing good agreement.