Stimulation of the penetration of particles into the skin by plasma tissue interaction

A high number of treatments in dermatology are based on the penetration of topically applied drugs through the skin barrier. This process is predominantly inefficient, on account of the strong protection properties of the upper skin layer – the stratum corneum. If the skin barrier is damaged, the penetration efficiency of topically applied drugs increases. Therefore, different methods have been developed to influence the barrier properties of the skin. Recently, it could be demonstrated that a cold tissue tolerable plasma (TTP) produced by a plasma-jet can strongly enhance drug delivery through the skin. These investigations were performed by using a solution of fluorescent dye as a model drug. In the present study, these investigations were carried out using fluorescent silica particles at different sizes. The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not there is a limitation in size for topically applied substances to pass through the skin barrier after plasma treatment.

[1]  N. Monteiro-Riviere,et al.  Assessment of Quantum Dot Penetration into Intact, Tape-Stripped, Abraded and Flexed Rat Skin , 2008, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[2]  A. Kligman,et al.  Barrier Functions of Human Skin: A Holistic View , 2009, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[3]  Peter McLoughlin,et al.  Microneedle mediated delivery of nanoparticles into human skin. , 2009, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[4]  J. Lademann,et al.  Analysis of the penetration of a caffeine containing shampoo into the hair follicles by in vivo laser scanning microscopy , 2010 .

[5]  F. Tenover,et al.  Development and spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: an overview. , 2001, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[6]  Juergen Lademann,et al.  Application of laser scan microscopy in vivo for wound healing characterization , 2010 .

[7]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[8]  A. Vrij,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of colloidal dispersions of fluorescent, monodisperse silica spheres , 1992 .

[9]  G. A. Simon,et al.  Skin : drug application and evaluation of environmental hazards : 22nd OHOLO Biological Conference, Maʿalot, March 20-23, 1977 , 1978 .

[10]  A. Kramer,et al.  Antisepsis of the follicular reservoir by treatment with tissue-tolerable plasma (TTP) , 2011 .

[11]  A. Fahr,et al.  Skin penetration enhancement by a microneedle device (Dermaroller) in vitro: dependency on needle size and applied formulation. , 2009, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[12]  B. Röder,et al.  Lipid nanoparticles for skin penetration enhancement-correlation to drug localization within the particle matrix as determined by fluorescence and parelectric spectroscopy. , 2005, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[13]  Q. Ren,et al.  The application of dermal papillary rings in dermatology by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy , 2010 .

[14]  J. Lademann,et al.  In-vivo diagnosis and non-inasive monitoring of Imiquimod 5% cream for non-melanoma skin cancer using confocal laser scanning microscopy , 2008 .

[15]  Heike Richter,et al.  Analysis of the melanin distribution in different ethnic groups by in vivo laser scanning microscopy , 2009 .

[16]  H. Giesche.  Synthesis of monodispersed silica powders I. Particle properties and reaction kinetics , 1994 .

[17]  H. Maibach,et al.  Cutaneous reactive hyperaemia: racial differences induced by corticoid application , 1989, The British journal of dermatology.

[18]  Tobias Blaschke,et al.  Nanoparticles for skin penetration enhancement--a comparison of a dendritic core-multishell-nanotransporter and solid lipid nanoparticles. , 2009, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[19]  A. Kramer,et al.  Plasma Sterilization: What are the Conditions to Meet this Claim? , 2008 .

[20]  M. Worm,et al.  Analysis of in vivo penetration of textile dyes causing allergic reactions , 2009 .

[21]  M Landthaler,et al.  Plasma applications in medicine with a special focus on dermatology , 2011, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[22]  N. Dovichi,et al.  Subattomole amino acid analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence. , 1988, Science.

[23]  J. Bouwstra,et al.  In vivo assessment of safety of microneedle arrays in human skin. , 2008, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[24]  Martina C. Meinke,et al.  In vivo visualization of microneedle conduits in human skin using laser scanning microscopy , 2010 .

[25]  W. Stöber,et al.  Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range , 1968 .

[26]  R. Neubert,et al.  Dermal Peptide Delivery Using Colloidal Carrier Systems , 2007, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[27]  A. Kramer,et al.  Drug delivery through the skin barrier enhanced by treatment with tissue‐tolerable plasma , 2011, Experimental dermatology.

[28]  W. Marsden.  I and J , 2012 .

[29]  Mark R Prausnitz,et al.  Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. , 2004, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[30]  Juergen Lademann,et al.  In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy: comparison of the reflectance and fluorescence mode by imaging human skin. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[31]  Alexa Patzelt,et al.  In vivo measurements of skin barrier: comparison of different methods and advantages of laser scanning microscopy , 2010 .

[32]  Hatem Fessi,et al.  Enhancement of Topical Delivery from Biodegradable Nanoparticles , 2004, Pharmaceutical Research.

[33]  A. Kramer,et al.  Risk assessment of the application of a plasma jet in dermatology. , 2009, Journal of biomedical optics.

[34]  J. Bos,et al.  The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs , 2000, Experimental dermatology.

[35]  Maibach Hi,et al.  Regional variation in percutaneous penetration in man. Pesticides. , 1971 .

[36]  Heike Richter,et al.  In vivo laser scanning microscopic investigation of the decontamination of hazardous substances from the human skin , 2010 .

[37]  S. Xie,et al.  In vivo quantification of propylene glycol, glucose and glycerol diffusion in human skin with optical coherence tomography , 2010 .

[38]  Heike Richter,et al.  Application of a plasma-jet for skin antisepsis: analysis of the thermal action of the plasma by laser scanning microscopy , 2010 .

[39]  T. von Woedtke,et al.  Atmospheric-pressure plasma sources: Prospective tools for plasma medicine , 2010 .

[40]  G. E. El Maghraby,et al.  Skin delivery of oestradiol from lipid vesicles: importance of liposome structure. , 2000, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[41]  E. Berardesca,et al.  Effects of systemic treatment with statins on skin barrier function and stratum corneum water-holding capacity. , 1996, Dermatology.

[42]  A. Kramer,et al.  How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review , 2006, BMC infectious diseases.

[43]  J. Hadgraft,et al.  Effect of Penetration Modifiers on the Dermal and Transdermal Delivery of Drugs and Cosmetic Active Ingredients , 2008, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[44]  T. Maisch,et al.  Penetration enhancement of two topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid formulations for photodynamic therapy by erbium:YAG laser ablation of the stratum corneum: continuous versus fractional ablation , 2010, Experimental dermatology.

[45]  W. Sterry,et al.  Skin penetration from the inside to the outside: A review , 2008 .

[46]  Volker Albrecht,et al.  Development of different temoporfin-loaded invasomes-novel nanocarriers of temoporfin: characterization, stability and in vitro skin penetration studies. , 2009, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[47]  Ryan F. Donnelly,et al.  Microneedle Arrays Allow Lower Microbial Penetration Than Hypodermic Needles In Vitro , 2009, Pharmaceutical Research.

[48]  B. W. Barry,et al.  Drug delivery routes in skin: a novel approach. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.