Quark and gluon spin and orbital angular momentum in the proton

We solve for the light-front wave functions of the nucleon from a light-front quantum chromodynamics (QCD) effective Hamiltonian with three-dimensional confinement. We obtain solutions using constituent three quarks combined with three quarks and one gluon Fock components. The resulting light-front wave functions provide a good quality description of the nucleon’s quark distribution functions following QCD scale evolution. We present the effects from incorporating a dynamical gluon on the nucleon’s gluon densities, helicity distribution and orbital angular momentum that constitutes the nucleon spin sum rule.

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