[Syncytins - retroviral envelope genes captured for the benefit of placental development].

Bien que l’infection par un retrovirus ait generalement un effet deletere sur l’individu, la decouverte de genes de retrovirus integres au genome depuis des millions d’annees, et remplissant des fonctions physiologiques essentielles, revele que ces elements peuvent egalement jouer un role fondamental dans la biologie de leur hote. Nous presentons ici l’exemple des syncytines, glycoproteines d’enveloppe codees par des retrovirus endogenes, capables d’induire la fusion cellulaire et necessaires a la formation de l’architecture placentaire. Nous montrons que la capture de ces genes s’est produite plusieurs fois au cours de l’evolution chez les mammiferes eutheriens et emettons l’hypothese selon laquelle de tels evenements auraient permis l’evolution, et eventuellement l’emergence, de la structure placentaire.

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