Evaluation of a bio-based hydrophobic cellulose laurate film as biomaterial--study on biodegradation and cytocompatibility.

The study aims to validate an original bio-based material, obtained by grafting fatty chains, and more especially lauric chains (C12) onto cellulose, for medical applications. The mechanical properties of the synthesized cellulose laurate (C12) are close to those of petrochemical ones such as low density polyethylene. This cellulose-based polymer is transparent, flexible, and hydrophobic. To evaluate the stability of the cellulosic films in biological fluids the samples are soaked in simulated body fluid or blood plasma for a few hours to 6 months, and then submitted to mechanical and chemical analyses. The simultaneously performed cytocompatibility tests were the colony-forming viability, the vitality and cell proliferation tests using NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and MC 3T3 osteoblast-like cells. The results show the stability, the biocompatibility, and the noncytotoxicity of the synthesized cellulose laurate films. This biomaterial may so be considered for surgical applications.

[1]  J. Banoub,et al.  Synthesis of cellulose fatty esters as plastics-influence of the degree of substitution and the fatty chain length on mechanical properties. , 2009, ChemSusChem.

[2]  Yi Yan Yang,et al.  Cellulose acetate membranes for transdermal delivery of scopolamine base , 2002 .

[3]  G. Ciardelli,et al.  Preparation and biodegradation of clay composites of PLA , 2009 .

[4]  P. Peplow,et al.  Osseous regeneration in the presence of oxidized cellulose and collagen , 2003, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[5]  Y Noishiki,et al.  Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives. , 1989, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[6]  Jian Li,et al.  Preparation and characterization of 2,3-dialdehyde bacterial cellulose for potential biodegradable tissue engineering scaffolds , 2009 .

[7]  L. X. Filho,et al.  First Otoliths/Collagen/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites as a Potential Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration , 2011 .

[8]  Torsten Blunk,et al.  Does UV irradiation affect polymer properties relevant to tissue engineering , 2001 .

[9]  A. Atala,et al.  Biomaterials for tissue engineering , 2000, World Journal of Urology.

[10]  F. Müller,et al.  Calcium phosphate nucleation on cellulose fabrics , 2006 .

[11]  L. Bonassar,et al.  Role for interleukin 1alpha in the inhibition of chondrogenesis in autologous implants using polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid scaffolds. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[12]  P. Laippala,et al.  Connective Tissue Formation in Subcutaneous Cellulose Sponge Implants in the Rat , 1998, European Surgical Research.

[13]  M. C. Kim,et al.  Degradation properties of PLA and PHBV films treated with CO2-plasma , 2009 .

[14]  P. Bourke,et al.  Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of carbohydrate and polyhydroxylated non-carbohydrate fatty acid ester and ether derivatives. , 2008, Carbohydrate research.

[15]  J. Six,et al.  Surface characteristics of PLA and PLGA films , 2006 .

[16]  Peter Greil,et al.  Cellulose-based scaffold materials for cartilage tissue engineering. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[17]  Peiyu Pu,et al.  Evaluation of blood circulation of polysaccharide surface-decorated PLA nanoparticles , 2008 .

[18]  S. Hirano.  Chitin biotechnology applications. , 1996, Biotechnology annual review.

[19]  J. Hornez,et al.  Multiple parameter cytotoxicity index on dental alloys and pure metals. , 2002, Biomolecular engineering.

[20]  J. Jagur-grodzinski.  Biomedical application of functional polymers , 1999 .

[21]  J. Feijen,et al.  Interaction of cultured human endothelial cells with polymeric surfaces of different wettabilities. , 1985, Biomaterials.

[22]  C. McCormick,et al.  THE LITHIUM CHLORIDE/DIMETHYLACETAMIDE SOLVENT FOR CELLULOSE: A LITERATURE REVIEW , 1990 .

[23]  D. Lourdin,et al.  Esterification of cellulose-enriched agricultural by-products and characterization of mechanical properties of cellulosic films , 2000 .

[24]  R. Granet,et al.  Rapid homogeneous esterification of cellulose induced by microwave irradiation , 2002 .

[25]  J. Fricain,et al.  Cellulose phosphates as biomaterials. In vivo biocompatibility studies. , 2002 .

[26]  J. Elias,et al.  Chitin regulation of immune responses: an old molecule with new roles. , 2008, Current opinion in immunology.

[27]  R. Granet,et al.  New methods for acylation of pure and sawdust‐extracted cellulose by fatty acid derivatives—Thermal and mechanical analyses of cellulose‐based plastic films , 2005 .

[28]  F. Chai,et al.  Biological and physico-chemical assessment of hydroxyapatite (HA) with different porosity. , 2007, Biomolecular engineering.

[29]  P Laippala,et al.  Is cellulose sponge degradable or stable as implantation material? An in vivo subcutaneous study in the rat. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[30]  P. Abel,et al.  The influence of antimicrobial treatments on the cytocompatibility of polyurethane biosensor membranes. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[31]  J. Lefebvre,et al.  Effect of side chain length on structure and thermomechanical properties of fully substituted cellulose fatty esters , 2011 .

[32]  Dewetting and surface properties of ultrathin films of cellulose esters. , 2007, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[33]  Yordan Kostov,et al.  Functional cardiac cell constructs on cellulose-based scaffolding. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[34]  M. Daha,et al.  Biocompatibility and Performance of a Modified Cellulosic and a Synthetic High Flux Dialyzer: A Randomized Crossover Comparison Between Cellulose Triacetate and Polysulphon , 1995, ASAIO journal.

[35]  Rui L. Reis,et al.  Chapter 6 – Natural Polymers in tissue engineering applications , 2008 .

[36]  Tadashi Kokubo,et al.  How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? , 2006, Biomaterials.

[37]  F. Senocq,et al.  Properties of wood esterified by fatty-acid chlorides , 1997 .

[38]  O. Corrigan,et al.  Mechanistic aspects of the release of levamisole hydrochloride from biodegradable polymers. , 2000, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[39]  H Planck,et al.  Cartilage reconstruction in head and neck surgery: comparison of resorbable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering of human septal cartilage. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.