Progress in Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics

1. Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Medical Nanomaterials and Nanodevices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Nanopores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2. Artificial Binding Sites and Molecular Imprinting . . . . . . 4 2.3. Quantum Dots and Nanocrystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.4. Fullerenes and Nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.5. Nanoshells and Magnetic Nanoprobes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.6. Targeted Nanoparticles and Smart Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.7. Dendrimers and Dendrimer-Based Devices . . . . . . . . . 10 2.8. Radio-Controlled Biomolecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3. Microscale Biological Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1. Engineered Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2. Engineered Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4. Medical Nanorobotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.1. Early Thinking in Medical Nanorobotics . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2. Nanorobot Parts and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.3. Self-Assembly and Directed Parts Assembly . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4. Positional Assembly and Molecular Manufacturing . . . . 29 4.5. Nanorobot Applications Designs and Scaling Studies . . 39 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

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