Siting procedure for large wind energy projects

Abstract The realization of large wind energy projects in the Netherlands is often affected by local problems. These problems partly exist because of a lack of knowledge and because of opposed interests of several organisations. Most of the problems can be avoided by the siting procedure, described in this paper. The search for locations to according this procedure first starts on a national scale. The information needed to select suitable areas need only be global at this stage. The constraints under which windturbines are allowed are optional and merely based on uncertainties. Secondly the areas pointed out have to be analysed. At that lower level all restraints have to be taken into account. Energy Unlimited has determined the restraints as exactly as possible. This has resulted in an overview of distances that have to be kept between windfarms and structures, such as roads, telecommunication networks and dikes; and between windfarms and nature reserves, densely populated areas and so on. Finally there is the local situation with the actual projects. After having indicated suitable locations the feasibility of projects can be determined with respect to their economical, environmental and administrative aspects. After that wind energy projects can be started up with a fair chance of success. Having done so a few important gaps of knowledge are still left. These have to do with safety-aspects, the chance of birddamage, noise-aspects and town- and country planning.