Efficient approach to high barrier packaging using microfibrillar cellulose and shellac

This paper presents an investigation on the enhancement of the barrier properties of paperboard and paper. Microfibrillar cellulose (MFC) and shellac were deposited on the fibre based substrates using a bar coater or a spray coating technique. The air, oxygen and water vapour permeability properties were measured to quantify the barrier effect of the applied coatings. In addition, the mechanical properties were determined and image analysis of the structure was performed to examine the coating adhesion. The air permeance of the paperboard and papers was substantially decreased with a multilayer coating of MFC and shellac. Furthermore, for the MFC and shellac coated papers, the oxygen transmission rate decreased several logarithmic units and the water vapour transmission rate reached values considered as high barrier in food packaging (6.5 g/m2 24 h). The analysis of mechanical and morphological properties indicated good adhesion between the coating and the base substrate.

[1]  Sandhya..  Modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce: Current status and future needs , 2010 .

[2]  N. Jain,et al.  A stable multiple emulsion system bearing isoniazid: preparation and characterization. , 1998, Drug development and industrial pharmacy.

[3]  Marielle Henriksson,et al.  Cellulose nanopaper structures of high toughness. , 2008, Biomacromolecules.

[4]  S. G. Frank,et al.  MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE STABILIZEDEMULSIONS , 1986 .

[5]  Guy Della Valle,et al.  Influence of amylose content on starch films and foams , 1995 .

[6]  S. Eilert.  New packaging technologies for the 21st century. , 2005, Meat science.

[7]  J. Siepmann,et al.  Protection of moisture-sensitive drugs with aqueous polymer coatings: importance of coating and curing conditions. , 2009, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[8]  Frédéric Debeaufort,et al.  Moisture barrier, wetting and mechanical properties of shellac/agar or shellac/cassava starch bilayer bio-membrane for food applications , 2008 .

[9]  J. Hogan.  Modified release coatings , 1995 .

[10]  Alain Dufresne,et al.  Polysaccharide nano crystal reinforced nanocomposites , 2008 .

[11]  Shri Ramaswamy,et al.  Transient moisture diffusion through paperboard materials , 2002 .

[12]  J. Lagarón,et al.  Enhanced film forming and film properties of amylopectin using micro-fibrillated cellulose , 2007 .

[13]  Raymond C Rowe,et al.  Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients , 1994 .

[14]  Kunihiko Watanabe,et al.  Emulsion-stabilizing Effect of Bacterial Cellulose , 1997 .

[15]  Kristin Syverud,et al.  Strength and barrier properties of MFC films , 2009 .

[16]  Hiroyuki Yano,et al.  Novel high-strength biocomposites based on microfibrillated cellulose having nano-order-unit web-like network structure , 2005 .

[17]  Kristin Syverud,et al.  The use of microfibrillated cellulose produced from kraft pulp as strength enhancer in TMP paper , 2008 .

[18]  M. Aulton,et al.  Pharmaceutical Coating Technology , 1995 .

[19]  Henrik Kjellgren,et al.  Barrier and Surface Properties of Chitosan-Coated Greaseproof Paper , 2006 .

[20]  K. R. Sandberg,et al.  Microfibrillated cellulose, a new cellulose product: properties, uses, and commercial potential , 1983 .

[21]  Akira Isogai,et al.  Transparent and high gas barrier films of cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[22]  P. Fabbri,et al.  Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Coatings for the Modification of Barrier Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Films for Food Packaging Applications , 2009 .

[23]  E. Hellén,et al.  Diffusion through Fibre Networks , 2002 .

[24]  N. Zaritzky,et al.  Edible starch films and coatings characterization: scanning electron microscopy, water vapor, and gas permeabilities , 1999 .

[25]  N. Gontard,et al.  Water and Glycerol as Plasticizers Affect Mechanical and Water Vapor Barrier Properties of an Edible Wheat Gluten Film , 1993 .

[26]  Milton L. Lee.  1 – Physical and Chemical Properties , 1981 .

[27]  N. Zaritzky,et al.  Microstructural characterization of plasticized starch-based films , 2000 .

[28]  Sabu Thomas,et al.  A novel method for the synthesis of cellulose nanofibril whiskers from banana fibers and characterization. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  S. Maiti,et al.  APPLICATION OF SHELLAC IN POLYMERS , 1986 .

[30]  Ryan Mills,et al.  Adhesion and Surface Issues in Cellulose and Nanocellulose , 2008 .

[31]  Paola Appendini,et al.  Review of antimicrobial food packaging , 2002 .

[32]  O. Ikkala,et al.  Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogenization for nanoscale cellulose fibrils and strong gels. , 2007, Biomacromolecules.

[33]  J. W. Farrent,et al.  High-performance composites from low-cost plant primary cell walls , 2005 .

[34]  Alain Dufresne,et al.  Cellulose microfibrils from potato tuber cells: Processing and characterization of starch–cellulose microfibril composites , 2000 .

[35]  L. Rodriguez,et al.  Effect of different polymer-plasticizer combinations on ‘in vitro' release of theophylline from coated pellets , 1995 .

[36]  Leena‐Sisko Johansson,et al.  Properties and characterization of hydrophobized microfibrillated cellulose , 2006 .

[37]  J. Swarbrick,et al.  Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology , 2006 .

[38]  C. Escrig,et al.  Development of biodegradable laminate films derived from naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers , 2005 .

[39]  S. Dev,et al.  Chemistry of lac resin—II lac acids (Part 2): Laccijalaric acid , 1969 .

[40]  P. Stenius,et al.  Water‐in‐oil Emulsions Stabilized by Hydrophobized Microfibrillated Cellulose , 2007 .

[41]  L. Berglund,et al.  Structure and Properties of Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Containing Melamine Formaldehyde , 2007 .

[42]  C. E. Rogers,et al.  Permeation of Gases and Vapours in Polymers , 1985 .

[43]  D. Göritz,et al.  Investigations on high amylose corn starch films. Part 2: Water vapor sorption , 1994 .

[44]  A. Dufresne.  Comparing the mechanical properties of high performances polymer nanocomposites from biological sources. , 2006, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[45]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Thermoplastic nanocomposites based on cellulose microfibrils from Opuntia ficus-indica parenchyma cell , 2005 .

[46]  S. Dev,et al.  Chemistry of lac resin—I: Lac acids (part 1): Butolic, jalaric and laksholic acids , 1969 .

[47]  H. S. Nalwa.  Handbook of Nanostructured Biomaterials and Their Applications in Nanobiotechnology , 2006 .