Nondeterministic temporal relations in multimedia data

Synchronization is an important issue in multimedia systems which integrate a variety of temporally related media objects. One part of synchronization is the representation of temporal information. With the emerging interactive multimedia, deterministic temporal models are replaced by nondeterministic ones with more expressiveness. This paper classifies temporal models by their expressiveness, and evaluates relevant nondeterministic temporal relations in multimedia data. Additionally, an interval-based nondeterministic model based on a complete temporal operator set is proposed providing high-level abstractions and a high degree of expressiveness for interactive multimedia systems.

[1]  Kurt Rothermel,et al.  Representing time in multimedia systems , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems.

[2]  Thomas D. C. Little,et al.  An Intermedia Skew Control System for Multimedia Data Presentation , 1992, NOSSDAV.

[3]  James F. Allen.  Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals , 1983, CACM.

[4]  Kurt Rothermel,et al.  Synchronization in Joint-Venture Environments , 1992, NOSSDAV.

[5]  Bertram C. Bruce.  A Model for Temporal References and Its Application in a Question Answering Program , 1972, Artif. Intell..

[6]  Yongqiang Sun,et al.  Formal description of multimedia presentations , 1996, Other Conferences.

[7]  Petra Hoepner.  Synchronizing the presentation of multimedia objects , 1992, Comput. Commun..

[8]  P. Vanbeek.  Reasoning about qualitative temporal information , 1992 .

[9]  Ralf Steinmetz,et al.  Synchronization Properties in Multimedia Systems , 1990, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[10]  Henry A. Kautz,et al.  Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning , 1986, AAAI.

[11]  Kurt Rothermel,et al.  Synchronization in Joint-Viewing Environments , 1992 .

[12]  Arif Ghafoor,et al.  Multimedia objects models for synchronization and databases , 1990, [1990] Proceedings. Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering.

[13]  C. L. Hamblin.  Instants and intervals. , 1971, Studium generale; Zeitschrift fur die Einheit der Wissenschaften im Zusammenhang ihrer Begriffsbildungen und Forschungsmethoden.

[14]  Arif Ghafoor,et al.  Interval-Based Conceptual Models for Time-Dependent Multimedia Data , 1993, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[15]  Arif Ghafoor,et al.  Synchronization and Storage Models for Multimedia Objects , 1990, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..