Ownership and Management Issues Associated With Family Firm Performance and Company Objectives

Agency and stewardship theories are used to explore associations between ownership and management profiles and the performance and objectives of family firms. Using data from privately held family firms in the United Kingdom, a range of performance measures and objectives were examined. Multivariate regression analysis detected that closely held family firms did not report superior firm performance. The results show that the management rather than the ownership structure of a family firm was generally associated with selected firm-performance indicators and nonfinancial company objectives. Although family CEOs were associated with lower propensity to export, presented evidence generally fails to suggest that private family firms should avoid employing family members in management roles.

[1]  Joe T. Felan,et al.  Strategic and Business Planning Practices of Fast Growth Family Firms , 2001 .

[2]  Lowell W. Busenitz,et al.  The Boundaries and Limitations of Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory in the Venture Capitalist/Entrepreneur Relationship * , 2003 .

[3]  E. Fama,et al.  Agency Problems and Residual Claims , 1983 .

[4]  L. D. Singell,et al.  Nepotism, discrimination, and the persistence of utility-maximizing, owner-operated firms: Reply , 1997 .

[5]  Dan R. Dalton,et al.  TOP MANAGEMENT TURNOVER AND CEO SUCCESSION: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TURNOVER ON PERFORMANCE , 1994 .

[6]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  Defining the Family Business by Behavior , 1999 .

[7]  Pramodita Sharma,et al.  An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future , 2004 .

[8]  John L. Ward,et al.  Growing the Family Business: Special Challenges and Best Practices , 1997 .

[9]  Reginald A. Litz,et al.  Comparing the Agency Costs of Family and Non–Family Firms: Conceptual Issues and Exploratory Evidence , 2004 .

[10]  Marc Cowling,et al.  Family Firm Research: The Need for a Methodological Rethink , 1998 .

[11]  Employment,et al.  Opportunity for all in a world of change , 2001 .

[12]  J. Astrachan,et al.  Family Businesses’ Contribution to the U.S. Economy: A Closer Look , 2003 .

[13]  William F. Crittenden,et al.  Founder Centrality and Strategic Behavior in the Family-Owned Firm , 2000 .

[14]  K. Eisenhardt Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review , 1989 .

[15]  Pramodita Sharma,et al.  Succession and Nonsuccession Concerns of Family Firms and Agency Relationship with Nonfamily Managers , 2003 .

[16]  John L. Ward,et al.  The family business : its governance for sustainability , 1998 .

[17]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  Sources and Consequences of Distinctive Familiness: An Introduction , 2005 .

[18]  Pramodita Sharma Stakeholder Mapping Technique: Toward the Development of a Family Firm Typology , 2003 .

[19]  Mark K. Fiegener,et al.  CEO Stakes and Board Composition in Small Private Firms , 2000 .

[20]  Mike Wright,et al.  Buyouts, information asymmetry and the family management dyad , 2004 .

[21]  O. Jones Understanding the small business sector , 2007 .

[22]  Shaker A. Zahra,et al.  Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non–Family Firms: A Resource–Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture , 2004 .

[23]  Sue Birley,et al.  The family and the business , 1999 .

[24]  Torsten M. Pieper,et al.  Antecedents for agency and stewardship orientation in corporate governance – The role of culture , 2005 .

[25]  Steve Nyman,et al.  The Ownership and Control of Industry , 1978 .

[26]  Andrei Shleifer,et al.  Corporate Ownership Around the World , 1998 .

[27]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  Entrepreneurial Management and Governance in Family Firms: An Introduction , 2004 .

[28]  J. H. Davis,et al.  TOWARD A STEWARDSHIP THEORY OF MANAGEMENT , 1997 .

[29]  Harvey S. James,et al.  Owner as Manager, Extended Horizons and the Family Firm , 1999 .

[30]  C. Salvato,et al.  Self–Serving or Self–Actualizing? Models of Man and Agency Costs in Different Types of Family Firms: A Commentary on “Comparing the Agency Costs of Family and Non–family Firms: Conceptual Issues and Exploratory Evidence” , 2004 .

[31]  Carole Howorth,et al.  The Development of Family Companies: Management and Ownership Imperatives , 2001 .

[32]  J. Astrachan,et al.  Commentary on the Special Issue: The Emergence of a Field , 2003 .

[33]  M. Lubatkin,et al.  Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms , 2003 .

[34]  Ramona K. Z. Heck,et al.  The Prevalence of Family Business from a Household Sample , 1999 .

[35]  P. Nystrom,et al.  Measuring Organizational Growth: Issues, Consequences and Guidelines , 1998 .

[36]  Commentary on: "Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms" , 2003 .

[37]  Bernard Yeung,et al.  Agency Problems in Large Family Business Groups , 2003 .

[38]  Dan R. Dalton,et al.  The relationship between governance structure and corporate performance in entrepreneurial firms , 1992 .

[39]  I. MacMillan,et al.  A unified systems perspective of family firm performance , 2003 .

[40]  John Hendry,et al.  The Principal's Other Problems: Honest Incompetence and the Specification of Objectives , 2002 .

[41]  E. Fama,et al.  Organizational Forms and Investment Decisions , 1985, A Theory of the Firm.

[42]  E. Fama,et al.  Separation of Ownership and Control , 1983, The Journal of Law and Economics.

[43]  J. L. Naman,et al.  Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit: A model and empirical tests , 1993 .

[44]  An Empirical Examination of The Relationship Between CEOs and Directors , 1970, Journal of Business Strategies.

[45]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STUDIES: TOWARD A THEORY OF THE FAMILY FIRM , 2003 .

[46]  Sanjay Goel,et al.  Ownership structure, founder leadership, and performance in Norwegian SMEs: implications for financing entrepreneurial opportunities , 2003 .

[47]  Peggy M. Lee,et al.  Ownership Structures and R&D Investments of U.S. and Japanese Firms: Agency and Stewardship Perspectives , 2003 .

[48]  Reginald A. Litz The Family Firm's Exclusion from Business School Research: Explaining the Void; Addressing the Opportunity , 1997 .

[49]  J. Solterer The Entrepreneur in Economic Theory , 1950 .

[50]  Chandra S. Mishra,et al.  Founding Family Control and Capital Structure: The Risk of Loss of Control and the Aversion to Debt , 1999 .