Statins in the treatment of chronic heart failure: biological and clinical considerations.

[1]  S. Feasson,et al.  MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals : a randomised placebo-controlled trial. , 2008 .

[2]  A. Wierzbicki,et al.  The GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study , 2002, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[3]  J. Liao,et al.  Rho GTPases, statins, and nitric oxide. , 2005, Circulation research.

[4]  P. van der Harst,et al.  Effect of intensive versus moderate lipid lowering on endothelial function and vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II in stable coronary artery disease. , 2005, The American journal of cardiology.

[5]  J. McMurray,et al.  A statin in the treatment of heart failure? Controlled rosuvastatin multinational study in heart failure (CORONA): Study design and baseline characteristics , 2005, European journal of heart failure.

[6]  O. Topolcan,et al.  Short to long term mortality of patients hospitalised with heart failure in the Czech Republic—a report from the EuroHeart Failure Survey , 2005, European journal of heart failure.

[7]  W. März,et al.  Simvastatin Versus Ezetimibe: Pleiotropic and Lipid-Lowering Effects on Endothelial Function in Humans , 2005, Circulation.

[8]  Philip J. Barter,et al.  Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  D. J. Veldhuisen,et al.  Heart failure and statins—Why do we need a clinical trial? , 2005, Zeitschrift für Kardiologie.

[10]  Heart group.  The effects of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin on cause-specific mortality and on cancer incidence in 20,536 high-risk people: a randomised placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN48489393] , 2005, BMC medicine.

[11]  P. van der Harst,et al.  Clinical impact of vasomotor function assessment and the role of ACE-inhibitors and statins. , 2005, Vascular pharmacology.

[12]  C. Stefanadis,et al.  Effects of atorvastatin on reactive hyperemia and inflammatory process in patients with congestive heart failure. , 2005, Atherosclerosis.

[13]  Stuart D Katz,et al.  Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Mortality Risk in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure , 2005, Circulation.

[14]  M. Pfeffer,et al.  C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  C. Tsioufis,et al.  Effects of atorvastatin on reactive hyperaemia and the thrombosis–fibrinolysis system in patients with heart failure , 2004, Heart.

[16]  M. Quon,et al.  Additive Beneficial Effects of Losartan Combined With Simvastatin in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients , 2004, Circulation.

[17]  R. Chen,et al.  Fluvastatin Enhances the Inhibitory Effects of a Selective AT1 Receptor Blocker, Valsartan, on Atherosclerosis , 2004, Hypertension.

[18]  Milind Y Desai,et al.  Statin-Induced Cholesterol Lowering and Plaque Regression After 6 Months of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Monitored Therapy , 2004, Circulation.

[19]  H. Drexler,et al.  Statin-Induced Improvement of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization, Myocardial Neovascularization, Left Ventricular Function, and Survival After Experimental Myocardial Infarction Requires Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase , 2004, Circulation.

[20]  J. Mehta,et al.  Inhibitory Effect of Candesartan and Rosuvastatin on CD40 and MMPs Expression in Apo-E Knockout Mice: Novel Insights into the Role of RAS and Dyslipidemia in Atherogenesis , 2004, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[21]  Gregory Y H Lip,et al.  Endothelial Dysfunction and Damage in Congestive Heart Failure: Relation of Flow-Mediated Dilation to Circulating Endothelial Cells, Plasma Indexes of Endothelial Damage, and Brain Natriuretic Peptide , 2004, Circulation.

[22]  John H Fuller,et al.  Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial , 2004, The Lancet.

[23]  C. Proud.  Ras, PI3-kinase and mTOR signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. , 2004, Cardiovascular research.

[24]  L. Tavazzi,et al.  Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure , 2004, European journal of heart failure.

[25]  Masahiro Ito,et al.  Statins Inhibit &bgr;-Adrenergic Receptor–Stimulated Apoptosis in Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes via a Rac1-Dependent Mechanism , 2004, Circulation.

[26]  S. Dimauro,et al.  Atorvastatin decreases the coenzyme Q10 level in the blood of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. , 2004, Archives of neurology.

[27]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Statin therapy is associated with lower mortality among patients with severe heart failure. , 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

[28]  Statin Therapy for Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure , 2004, Journal of Investigative Medicine.

[29]  J. Fruchart,et al.  Rosuvastatin reduces MMP-7 secretion by human monocyte-derived macrophages: potential relevance to atherosclerotic plaque stability. , 2004, Atherosclerosis.

[30]  Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh,et al.  Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[31]  C. Behl,et al.  Selenoprotein synthesis and side-effects of statins , 2004, The Lancet.

[32]  Paul Schoenhagen,et al.  Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. , 2004, JAMA.

[33]  K. Dickstein,et al.  Effect of combined statin and beta-blocker treatment on one-year morbidity and mortality after acute myocardial infarction associated with heart failure. , 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

[34]  C. Heeschen,et al.  Beneficial effects of statins in patients with non-ischemic heart failure , 2004, Zeitschrift für Kardiologie.

[35]  F. Fyhrquist,et al.  Atorvastatin completely inhibits VEGF-induced ACE upregulation in human endothelial cells. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[36]  J. Slattery,et al.  Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). 1994. , 1994, Atherosclerosis. Supplements.

[37]  P. van der Harst,et al.  Short-term statin therapy and cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 2004, Circulation.

[38]  P. Sugden.  Ras, Akt, and Mechanotransduction in the Cardiac Myocyte , 2003, Circulation research.

[39]  S. Anker,et al.  The relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[40]  U. Laufs,et al.  Oxygen Free Radical Release in Human Failing Myocardium Is Associated With Increased Activity of Rac1-GTPase and Represents a Target for Statin Treatment , 2003, Circulation.

[41]  G. Onder,et al.  Serum cholesterol levels and in-hospital mortality in the elderly. , 2003, The American journal of medicine.

[42]  M. Hori,et al.  Short-Term Statin Therapy Improves Cardiac Function and Symptoms in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy , 2003, Circulation.

[43]  I. Holme,et al.  Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial , 2003, The Lancet.

[44]  Y. Pinto,et al.  Increased expression of cardiac angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors decreases myocardial microvessel density after experimental myocardial infarction. , 2003, Cardiovascular research.

[45]  Jian-Mei Li,et al.  Fluvastatin Enhances the Inhibitory Effects of a Selective Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Valsartan, on Vascular Neointimal Formation , 2003, Circulation.

[46]  S. Mortensen.  Overview on coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in chronic heart failure. Rationale, design and end‐points of “Q‐symbio” ‐ A multinational trial , 2003, BioFactors.

[47]  Barry R. Davis,et al.  Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). , 2002, JAMA.

[48]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial , 2002, The Lancet.

[49]  A. Curcio,et al.  Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor Simvastatin Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Pressure Overload and Inhibits p21 ras Activation , 2002, Circulation.

[50]  K. Dickstein,et al.  Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial , 2002, The Lancet.

[51]  J. Cristol,et al.  Simvastatin Prevents Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Alteration and Oxidative Stress , 2002, Hypertension.

[52]  P. Serruys,et al.  Fluvastatin for prevention of cardiac events following successful first percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. , 2002, JAMA.

[53]  Vadim N. Gladyshev,et al.  How Selenium Has Altered Our Understanding of the Genetic Code , 2002, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[54]  J. McMurray,et al.  Statins and chronic heart failure: do we need a large-scale outcome trial? , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[55]  Gregg C Fonarow,et al.  Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. , 2002, Journal of cardiac failure.

[56]  Hiroyuki Tsutsui,et al.  Fluvastatin, a 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor, Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling and Failure After Experimental Myocardial Infarction , 2002, Circulation.

[57]  V. Athyros,et al.  Treatment with Atorvastatin to the National Cholesterol Educational Program Goal Versus 'Usual' Care in Secondary Coronary Heart Disease Prevention , 2002, Current medical research and opinion.

[58]  S. Yusuf.  MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Commentary , 2002 .

[59]  K. Node,et al.  Statins as antioxidant therapy for preventing cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[60]  M. Ezekowitz,et al.  Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. , 2001, JAMA.

[61]  P. Galuppo,et al.  Improvement of Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function by Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibition With Cerivastatin in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction , 2001, Circulation.

[62]  K. Yano,et al.  Cholesterol and all-cause mortality in elderly people from the Honolulu Heart Program: a cohort study , 2001, The Lancet.

[63]  J. Isner,et al.  HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mobilizes bone marrow--derived endothelial progenitor cells. , 2001, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[64]  F. Luft,et al.  Amelioration of Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Injury by a 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor , 2001, Circulation.

[65]  S. Fichtlscherer,et al.  Increase in Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Statin Therapy in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease , 2001, Circulation.

[66]  J. Kjekshus,et al.  Effect of pravastatin on plasma markers of inflammation and peripheral endothelial function in male heart transplant recipients. , 2001, The American journal of cardiology.

[67]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Heart failure in the general population of men--morbidity, risk factors and prognosis. , 2001, Journal of internal medicine.

[68]  P. Ridker,et al.  Rapid Reduction in C-Reactive Protein With Cerivastatin Among 785 Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia , 2001, Circulation.

[69]  W. W. Zhang,et al.  Simvastatin inhibits noradrenaline‐induced hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes , 2001, British journal of pharmacology.

[70]  H. Miller,et al.  Pathophysiological role of cytokines in congestive heart failure. , 2001, Annual review of medicine.

[71]  W. März,et al.  Effects of Lovastatin and Pravastatin on the Survival of Hamsters With Inherited Cardiomyopathy , 2000, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics.

[72]  Simon C Watkins,et al.  Myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling in transgenic mice overexpressing tumor necrosis factor alpha can be modulated by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[73]  S. Anker,et al.  Inflammatory cytokines and the possible immunological role for lipoproteins in chronic heart failure. , 2000, International journal of cardiology.

[74]  S. Anker,et al.  The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis , 2000, The Lancet.

[75]  B. Carlson,et al.  Inhibition of selenoprotein synthesis by selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec lacking isopentenyladenosine. , 2000, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[76]  T. Lee,et al.  Effects of pravastatin on left ventricular mass in patients with hyperlipidemia and essential hypertension. , 2000, The American journal of cardiology.

[77]  I. Shiojima,et al.  The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[78]  P. Kaufmann,et al.  Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[79]  J. Ketelslegers,et al.  Beneficial neuroendocrine modulation of spironolactone in severe congestive heart failure , 2000 .

[80]  B. Pitt,et al.  Effects of HMG‐COA reductase inhibitors (statins) in patients with heart failure , 2000 .

[81]  F. Spinale,et al.  Myocardial matrix degradation and metalloproteinase activation in the failing heart: a potential therapeutic target. , 2000, Cardiovascular research.

[82]  D. Wagner,et al.  The role of tumor necrosis factor in the pathophysiology of heart failure. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[83]  HOMAS,et al.  The Effect of Pravastatin on Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Average Cholesterol Levels , 2000 .

[84]  Ames,et al.  PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH PRAVASTATIN IN MEN WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA , 2000 .

[85]  G. Nickenig,et al.  Statin-sensitive dysregulated AT1 receptor function and density in hypercholesterolemic men. , 1999, Circulation.

[86]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  The design of a prospective study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). PROSPER Study Group. PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. , 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

[87]  Gui-ping Zhang,et al.  SIMVASTATIN INHIBITS CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AND ANGIOTENSIN‐CONVERTING ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RATS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS , 1999, Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology.

[88]  J. Kawabe,et al.  Lovastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat heart cells. , 1999, European journal of pharmacology.

[89]  U. Gleichmann,et al.  Improvement in coronary flow reserve determined by positron emission tomography after 6 months of cholesterol-lowering therapy in patients with early stages of coronary atherosclerosis. , 1999, Circulation.

[90]  Josef Niebauer,et al.  Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure: a prospective cohort study , 1999, The Lancet.

[91]  R. Itti,et al.  Effects of lipid-lowering drugs on left ventricular function and exercise tolerance in dyslipidemic coronary patients. , 1999, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[92]  M. Schwaiger,et al.  Delayed response of myocardial flow reserve to lipid-lowering therapy with fluvastatin. , 1999, Circulation.

[93]  R. Collins,et al.  Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[94]  B. Bozkurt,et al.  The role of cytokines in the failing human heart. , 1998, Cardiology clinics.

[95]  F. Bernini,et al.  HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce MMP-9 secretion by macrophages. , 1998, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[96]  D. Jacobs,et al.  Cohort study of serum total cholesterol and in-hospital incidence of infectious diseases , 1998, Epidemiology and Infection.

[97]  G. Fonarow,et al.  Skin test anergy in advanced heart failure secondary to either ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1998, The American journal of cardiology.

[98]  U. Gleichmann,et al.  Improvement of coronary vasodilatation capacity through single LDL apheresis. , 1998, Atherosclerosis.

[99]  A. Gotto,et al.  Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. , 1998, JAMA.

[100]  W. Vaughn,et al.  Low Serum Cholesterol Levels Predict High Perioperative Mortality in Patients Supported by a Left-Ventricular Assist System , 1998, Cardiology.

[101]  O. Faergeman,et al.  The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. , 1997, Journal of cardiac failure.

[102]  A. Weverling-Rijnsburger,et al.  Total cholesterol and risk of mortality in the oldest old , 1997, The Lancet.

[103]  P. Ponikowski,et al.  Hormonal changes and catabolic/anabolic imbalance in chronic heart failure and their importance for cardiac cachexia. , 1997, Circulation.

[104]  L. Ferrucci,et al.  Clarifying the Direct Relation between Total Cholesterol Levels and Death from Coronary Heart Disease in Older Persons , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[105]  E. Agner,et al.  Dose-related decrease of serum coenzyme Q10 during treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. , 1997, Molecular aspects of medicine.

[106]  G. de Pinieux,et al.  Lipid-lowering drugs and mitochondrial function: effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on serum ubiquinone and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio. , 2003, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[107]  M. Omata,et al.  Reduced coronary flow reserve in hypercholesterolemic patients without overt coronary stenosis. , 1996, Circulation.

[108]  H. Crijns,et al.  Reduction of transient myocardial ischemia with pravastatin in addition to the conventional treatment in patients with angina pectoris. REGRESS Study Group. , 1996, Circulation.

[109]  S. Alfieri,et al.  Prognosis in intra-abdominal infections. Multivariate analysis on 604 patients. , 1996, Archives of surgery.

[110]  M. Netea,et al.  Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice are protected against lethal endotoxemia and severe gram-negative infections. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[111]  H. Drexler,et al.  Physical training improves endothelial function in patients with chronic heart failure. , 1996, Circulation.

[112]  P. Macfarlane,et al.  Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia , 1995 .

[113]  G J Boerma,et al.  Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). , 1995, Circulation.

[114]  A. Yeung,et al.  The effect of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[115]  W. Weintraub,et al.  Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[116]  Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.  Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) , 1994, The Lancet.

[117]  J. Stengård,et al.  Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase as predictors of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before clinical onset of disease , 1994, The Lancet.

[118]  R. Kronmal,et al.  Modifiable risk factors for incident heart failure in the coronary artery surgery study. , 1994, Archives of internal medicine.

[119]  L. Kuller,et al.  Predictors of mortality from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in 356,222 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. , 1994, American journal of epidemiology.

[120]  G. Watts,et al.  Plasma coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) concentrations in patients treated with simvastatin. , 1993, Journal of clinical pathology.

[121]  K C Cain,et al.  Total serum cholesterol levels and mortality risk as a function of age. A report based on the Framingham data. , 1993, Archives of internal medicine.

[122]  Effects of pravastatin in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/liter (200 to 300 mg/dl) plus two additional atherosclerotic risk factors. The Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Cardiac Risk Patients. , 1993, American Journal of Cardiology.

[123]  H. Blömer,et al.  Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) in the long-term treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1992, European heart journal.

[124]  C. Stanford,et al.  Resting energy expenditure in chronic cardiac failure. , 1991, Clinical science.

[125]  H. Fillit,et al.  Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[126]  R D Fish,et al.  Endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary microvasculature is impaired in dilated cardiomyopathy. , 1990, Circulation.

[127]  B. Forette,et al.  CHOLESTEROL AS RISK FACTOR FOR MORTALITY IN ELDERLY WOMEN , 1989, The Lancet.

[128]  N. Martin,et al.  Isolation and characterization of MOD5, a gene required for isopentenylation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1987, Molecular and cellular biology.

[129]  P. Anversa,et al.  Effects of exercise on the capillary vasculature of the rat heart. , 1987, Circulation.

[130]  P. Anversa,et al.  Myocardial Infarction in Rats: Infarct Size, Myocyte Hypertrophy, and Capillary Growth , 1986, Circulation research.

[131]  K. Folkers,et al.  Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[132]  D. Garcia-Dorado,et al.  Cardiovascular Research , 1966 .