Essential Oil From Psidium guajava Leaves: An Excellent Source of β-Caryophyllene

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Psidium guajava leaves and to explore the medicinal value of β-caryophyllene in pharmaceutical science. The essential oils of P. guajava leaves were extracted by the hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of essential oils was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yield of extracted essential oils was 0.6% (w/w) dry weight. The main compounds found in the leaves were β-caryophyllene (20.34%), globulol (8.20%), trans-nerolidol (7.72%), aromadendrene (4.34%), cis-α-bisabolene (3.82%), tetracosane (3.68%), octadecane (3.66%), Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene (3.44%), β-bisabolene (3.41%), limonene (3.09%), octacosane (2.88%), δ-cadinene (2.52%), and 1,4-cadadiene (2.04%). The main chemical class of the essential oil was terpenoids, which represent 71.65%, followed by hydrocarbons (26.31%). A total of 50 components were identified, among these β-caryophyllene was found to be dominant, which has great medicinal value, and some other compounds were also identified for the first time in the essential oil of P. guajava leaves.

[1]  H. Coutinho,et al.  Seasonal variation, chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae) and the sabinene , 2016 .

[2]  H. Schohn,et al.  Chemical composition, antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from aromatic plants growing in Sudan. , 2016, Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine.

[3]  K. A. Salim,et al.  Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from leaves, aerial stems, basal stems, and rhizomes of Etlingera fimbriobracteata (K.Schum.) R.M.Sm. , 2016 .

[4]  R. Shaddel,et al.  Volatile composition, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant evaluation of the essential oil from Nepeta sintenisii Bornm. , 2016 .

[5]  M. Zina,et al.  Seasonal changes in essential oil composition of Aristolochia longa L. ssp. paucinervis Batt. (Aristolochiaceae) roots and its antimicrobial activity , 2016 .

[6]  Daohang He,et al.  Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from Alpinia guilinensis against selected foodborne pathogens , 2016 .

[7]  W. Setzer,et al.  Leaf essential oil composition and bioactivity of Psidium guajava from Kathmandu, Nepal , 2015 .

[8]  S. Ghanbarzadeh,et al.  Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial effect of essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia sclareoides. , 2014, Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine.

[9]  S. Ojha,et al.  The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, reduced voluntary alcohol intake and attenuated ethanol-induced place preference and sensitivity in mice , 2014, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[10]  S. Ojha,et al.  β-Caryophyllene, a CB2 receptor agonist produces multiple behavioral changes relevant to anxiety and depression in mice , 2014, Physiology & Behavior.

[11]  R. Mothana,et al.  GC and GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oil Composition of the Endemic Soqotraen Leucas virgata Balf.f. and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities , 2013, International journal of molecular sciences.

[12]  G. Bagetta,et al.  Involvement of peripheral cannabinoid and opioid receptors in β‐caryophyllene‐induced antinociception , 2013, European journal of pain.

[13]  V. Narayanaswamy,et al.  Chemical composition of essential oil of Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum (Myrtaceae) , 2012 .

[14]  W. Gomes-Leal,et al.  Copaiba Oil-Resin Treatment Is Neuroprotective and Reduces Neutrophil Recruitment and Microglia Activation after Motor Cortex Excitotoxic Injury , 2012, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[15]  É. Deslandes,et al.  Aromatic Plants of French Polynesia. V. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Leaves of Psidium guajava L. and Psidium cattleyanum Sabine , 2011 .

[16]  R. Gutierrez,et al.  Psidium guajava: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. , 2008, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[17]  A. Pichette,et al.  Potentiating effect of β‐caryophyllene on anticancer activity of α‐humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel , 2007 .

[18]  S. Begum,et al.  Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of Psidium guajava , 2004, Chemistry of Natural Compounds.

[19]  E. Andrade,et al.  Essential oils of the leaves and stems of four Psidium spp. , 2003 .

[20]  I. Ogunwande,et al.  Chemical composition of the leaf volatile oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Nigeria , 2003 .

[21]  E. Corey,et al.  Total Synthesis of d,l-Caryophyllene and d,l-Isocaryophyllene , 2002 .

[22]  F. Saura-calixto,et al.  Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[23]  J. Pino,et al.  Volatile Constituents of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruits from Cuba , 1999 .

[24]  L. Pannell,et al.  The Essential Oil of the Leaves of Psidium guajava L. , 1991 .

[25]  J. Nogueira,et al.  Chemical composition of essential oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Tunisia , 2014 .

[26]  A. R. Monteiro,et al.  Volatile and non-volatile chemical composition of the white guava fruit (Psidium guajava) at different stages of maturity , 2007 .