On the role of neuronal magnetic susceptibility and structure symmetry on gradient echo MR signal formation

Phase images obtained by gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) MRI provide new contrast in the brain that is distinct from that obtained with conventional T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted images. The results are especially intriguing in white matter where both signal amplitude and phase display anisotropic properties. However, the biophysical origins of these phenomena are not well understood. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive theory of GRE signal formation based on a realistic model of neuronal structure.

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