Atmospheric limitations on the performance of electro-optical systems: a brief overview

Atmospheric effects limit the performance of any electro-optical (EO) system. Tasks such as laser communications or horizontal-path imaging for long-range surveillance are highly affected by environmental effects. In the majority of cases, effects like turbulence impose a fundamental limitation to the capability of EO systems. In this paper, we give an overview of the limiting factors and we will show possibilities for restoration of images degraded by atmosphere.

[1]  J. Conan,et al.  Wave-front temporal spectra in high-resolution imaging through turbulence , 1995 .

[2]  Wilson,et al.  New modal wave-front sensor: a theoretical analysis , 2000, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  Mikhail A. Vorontsov,et al.  Automated video enhancement from a stream of atmospherically-distorted images: the lucky-region fusion approach , 2009, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[4]  Karin Stein,et al.  Holographic wavefront sensor for fast defocus measurement , 2013 .

[5]  Robert K. Tyson Principles of Adaptive Optics , 1991 .

[6]  A. Obukhov,et al.  Structure of Temperature Field in Turbulent Flow , 1970 .

[7]  D. Fried Optical Resolution Through a Randomly Inhomogeneous Medium for Very Long and Very Short Exposures , 1966 .

[8]  Szymon Gladysz,et al.  Fast defocus measurement for laser communications with the holographic wavefront sensor , 2013 .

[9]  Uwe Adomeit Infrared detection, recognition and identification of handheld objects , 2012, Other Conferences.

[10]  Carmen J. Carrano Speckle imaging over horizontal paths , 2002, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[11]  A. Kolmogorov The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers , 1991, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[12]  T Wilson,et al.  Closed-loop aberration correction by use of a modal Zernike wave-front sensor. , 2000, Optics letters.

[13]  Szymon Gladysz,et al.  Measuring non-Kolmogorov turbulence , 2013, Remote Sensing.

[14]  Szymon Gladysz,et al.  Extended object reconstruction in adaptive-optics imaging: the multiresolution approach , 2012, ArXiv.

[15]  Matthias Roth,et al.  Methodological Considerations Regarding the Measurement of Turbulent Fluxes in the Urban Roughness Sublayer: The Role of Scintillometery , 2006 .

[16]  Geoff Andersen,et al.  Holographic wavefront sensor , 2005, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[17]  J. Conan,et al.  MISTRAL: a myopic edge-preserving image restoration method, with application to astronomical adaptive-optics-corrected long-exposure images. , 2004, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[18]  G. Marchi,et al.  Turbulence compensation for laser communication, imaging on horizontal path and non-natural turbulence using direct and iterative procedures , 2012, Other Conferences.

[19]  Claudia S. Huebner Turbulence mitigation of short exposure image data using motion detection and background segmentation , 2012, Defense, Security, and Sensing.