Analysis of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of regulated and alternative driving cycles based on real-world measurements

Abstract Discrepancies between real-world use of vehicles and certification cycles are a known issue. This paper presents an analysis of vehicle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of the European certification cycle (NEDC) and the proposed worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP) Class 3 cycle using data collected on-road. Sixteen light duty vehicles equipped with different propulsion technologies (spark-ignition engine, compression-ignition engine, parallel hybrid and full hybrid) were monitored using a portable emission measurement system under real-world driving conditions. The on-road data obtained, combined with the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) methodology, was used to recreate the dynamic conditions of the NEDC and WLTP Class 3 cycle. Individual vehicle certification values of fuel consumption, CO 2 , HC and NO x emissions were compared with test cycle estimates based on road measurements. The fuel consumption calculated from on-road data is, on average, 23.9% and 16.3% higher than certification values for the recreated NEDC and WLTP Class 3 cycle, respectively. Estimated HC emissions are lower in gasoline and hybrid vehicles than certification values. Diesel vehicles present higher estimated NO x emissions compared to current certification values (322% and 326% higher for NO x and 244% and 247% higher for HC + NO x for NEDC and WLTP Class 3 cycle, respectively).

[1]  Michel André,et al.  Analysis and modelling of the pollutant emissions from European cars regarding the driving characteristics and test cycles , 2009 .

[2]  J Faernlund,et al.  THE POSSIBILITIES OF PRODUCING AN ENGINE RELATED TEST CYCLE DERIVING FROM DRIVING SEQUENCES IN REAL WORLD TRAFFIC , 2002 .

[3]  M. Weilenmann,et al.  Describing and compensating gas transport dynamics for accurate instantaneous emission measurement , 2003 .

[4]  T. Farias,et al.  Effect of battery state of charge on fuel use and pollutant emissions of a full hybrid electric light duty vehicle , 2014 .

[5]  A. Bandivadekar,et al.  The WLTP: How a new test procedure for cars will affect fuel consumption values in the EU , 2014 .

[6]  H Christopher Frey,et al.  On-Road Measurement of Vehicle Tailpipe Emissions Using a Portable Instrument , 2003, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[7]  Mamoru Tomatsuri,et al.  Development of New 1.8-Liter Engine for Hybrid Vehicles , 2009 .

[8]  E. Tzirakis,et al.  VEHICLE EMISSIONS AND DRIVING CYCLES: COMPARISON OF THE ATHENS DRIVING CYCLE (ADC) WITH ECE-15 AND EUROPEAN DRIVING CYCLE (EDC) , 2006 .

[9]  Haibo Zhai,et al.  Comparing real-world fuel consumption for diesel- and hydrogen-fueled transit buses and implication for emissions , 2007 .

[10]  Mellios Giorgos,et al.  Parameterisation of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles for modelling purposes , 2011 .

[11]  Haibo Zhai,et al.  A vehicle-specific power approach to speed- and facility-specific emissions estimates for diesel transit buses. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[12]  Gonçalo Duarte,et al.  Establishing bonds between vehicle certification data and real-world vehicle fuel consumption – A Vehicle Specific Power approach , 2015 .

[13]  Glyn A Rhys-Tyler,et al.  Toward reconciling instantaneous roadside measurements of light duty vehicle exhaust emissions with type approval driving cycles. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[14]  Patrick Debal,et al.  Comparison of on-road emissions with emissions measured on chassis dynamometer test cycles , 2006 .

[15]  Martin Weiss,et al.  Analyzing on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) , 2011 .

[16]  José Luis Jiménez-Palacios,et al.  Understanding and quantifying motor vehicle emissions with vehicle specific power and TILDAS remote sensing , 1999 .

[17]  Michel André,et al.  The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[18]  I De Vlieger,et al.  On board emission and fuel consumption measurement campaign on petrol-driven passenger cars , 1997 .