Clocks in Telecommunications

The sections in this article are 1 Clock Signals and Their Timing Relationships 2 Network Synchronization Strategies 3 Characterization and Modeling of Clocks 4 Technology of Clocks 5 Clocks in Digital Telecommunications Networks

[1]  I.A. Getting,et al.  Perspective/navigation-The Global Positioning System , 1993, IEEE Spectrum.

[2]  Stefano Bregni.  Measurement of maximum time interval error for telecommunications clock stability characterization , 1996 .

[3]  J. C. Bellamy,et al.  Digital network synchronization , 1995, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[4]  Marco Carbonelli,et al.  Characterization of timing signals and clocks , 1996, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[5]  Judah Levine,et al.  An algorithm to synchronize the time of a computer to universal time , 1995, TNET.

[6]  Stefano Bregni,et al.  Clock stability characterization and measurement in telecommunications , 1997 .

[7]  C. L. Searle,et al.  Some aspects of the theory and measurement of frequency fluctuations in frequency standards , 1965 .

[8]  Chak Ming Chie,et al.  Theory of oscillator instability based upon structure functions , 1976, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[9]  D. B. Percival,et al.  Characterization of frequency stability: frequency-domain estimation of stability measures , 1991, Proc. IEEE.

[10]  R. L. Filler,et al.  Long-term aging of oscillators , 1993 .

[11]  C. Audoin,et al.  Characterization of Frequency Stability: Uncertainty due to the Finite Number of Measurements , 1973 .

[12]  P. Kartaschoff,et al.  Synchronization in digital communications networks , 1991, Proc. IEEE.

[13]  Fred L. Walls,et al.  RF Spectrum of a Signal after Frequency Multiplication; Measurement and Comparison with a Simple Calculation , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[14]  J. P. Moreland.  Performance of a system of mutually synchronized clocks , 1971 .

[15]  D. W. Allan,et al.  Statistics of atomic frequency standards , 1966 .

[16]  David L. Mills,et al.  Precision synchronization of computer network clocks , 1994, CCRV.

[17]  F. L. Walls,et al.  Characterization of frequency stability in precision frequency sources , 1991, Proc. IEEE.

[18]  Judah Levine,et al.  Two-way time and frequency transfer using optical fibers , 1996 .

[19]  V. Kroupa,et al.  Noise Properties of PLL Systems , 1982, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[20]  William C. Lindsey,et al.  Mutual clock synchronization in global digital communication networks , 1996, Eur. Trans. Telecommun..

[21]  P. Lesage,et al.  Characterization of Frequency Stability: Analysis of the Modified Allan Variance and Properties of Its Estimate , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.