Nanoparticles for DNAzymes delivery

In the quest of finding novel molecules to battle against fatal diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, etc., several discoveries are being documented every year. Among these discovered molecules, DNAzymes have paved the way in the field of drug discovery, along with opening up new avenues for other oligonucleotides to be used for therapeutic purposes. It has become the choice of researchers all over the world due to its better efficiency to work at the genetic level. The use of DNAzymes in cell-based assays and at preclinical levels has proven to be successful, and thus it holds a promise to be used as a potential drug candidate. However, limitations in its resourceful use could be attributed to its delivery systems. Various viral vectors have been in use, but the use of nanoparticles for the delivery has offered greater advantages over the pristine methods of delivery systems. Thus delivery systems using nanosmart techniques have emerged as a new candidate that has gained the attention of scientists. Thus the present chapter throws a light on the comprehensive detail about DNAzymes, particularly focusing on its delivery at the nanoscale and the challenges lying ahead.

[1]  G. F. Joyce,et al.  A general purpose RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[2]  Frank Baas,et al.  UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) In vivo tumor growth inhibition and biodistribution studies of locked nucleic acid ( LNA ) antisense oligonucleotides , 2017 .

[3]  Barbara Grimpe,et al.  A Novel DNA Enzyme Reduces Glycosaminoglycan Chains in the Glial Scar and Allows Microtransplanted Dorsal Root Ganglia Axons to Regenerate beyond Lesions in the Spinal Cord , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[4]  Alavattam Sreedhara,et al.  Ligating DNA with DNA. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[5]  Quanshun Li,et al.  Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells through N-acetyl-l-leucine-modified polyethylenimine-mediated p53 gene delivery. , 2015, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[6]  I. Romslo,et al.  The transferrin receptor: its diagnostic value and its potential as therapeutic target. , 1993, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum.

[7]  C. Marwick,et al.  First "antisense" drug will treat CMV retinitis. , 1998, JAMA.

[8]  Jianjun Cheng,et al.  Targeted delivery of RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme (DNAzyme) to tumor tissue by transferrin-modified, cyclodextrin-based particles , 2004, Cancer biology & therapy.

[9]  Jie Chen,et al.  N-isopropylacrylamide-modified polyethylenimines as effective gene carriers. , 2012, Macromolecular bioscience.

[10]  T. Hökfelt,et al.  Potent and nontoxic antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acids. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  Shawdee Eshghi,et al.  Down-regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Expression Promotes Myocardial Neovascularization by Bone Marrow Progenitors , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[12]  Whitney E. Purtha,et al.  General deoxyribozyme-catalyzed synthesis of native 3'-5' RNA linkages. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  A. Burgin,et al.  Synthesis and use of DNA containing a 5'-bridging phosphorothioate as a suicide substrate for type I DNA topoisomerases. , 2001, Methods in molecular biology.

[14]  D. Corey,et al.  Locked nucleic acid (LNA): fine-tuning the recognition of DNA and RNA. , 2001, Chemistry & biology.

[15]  M. Singh,et al.  Transferrin As A targeting ligand for liposomes and anticancer drugs. , 1999, Current pharmaceutical design.

[16]  Hiroshi Kawachi,et al.  DNAzyme for TGF-beta suppressed extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental glomerulonephritis. , 2004, Kidney international.

[17]  Indrajit Roy,et al.  Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as novel non-viral vectors for targeted gene delivery. , 2003, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[18]  N. Goldstein,et al.  Cell-surface perturbations of the epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  J. Double,et al.  The delivery of antisense therapeutics. , 2000, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[20]  S. Silverman,et al.  Deoxyribozymes: selection design and serendipity in the development of DNA catalysts. , 2009, Accounts of chemical research.

[21]  Yang Li,et al.  Cellular uptake, distribution, and stability of 10-23 deoxyribozymes. , 2002, Antisense & nucleic acid drug development.

[22]  Suping Huang,et al.  Delivery system for DNAzymes using arginine-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for therapeutic application in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma model , 2013, International journal of nanomedicine.

[23]  S. Pun,et al.  Self-assembling nucleic acid delivery vehicles via linear, water-soluble, cyclodextrin-containing polymers. , 2004, Current medicinal chemistry.

[24]  Say Chye Joachim Loo,et al.  Biomedical applications of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. , 2010, Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.

[25]  Mark E. Davis,et al.  Transferrin-containing, cyclodextrin polymer-based particles for tumor-targeted gene delivery. , 2003, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[26]  Levon M Khachigian,et al.  Locked nucleic acid modified DNA enzymes targeting early growth response-1 inhibit human vascular smooth muscle cell growth. , 2004, Nucleic acids research.

[27]  Hong Sun,et al.  [In vitro and in vivo studies on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a novel vector for inner ear gene therapy]. , 2008, Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery.

[28]  Peter F M Choong,et al.  Biocompatible chitosan-DNAzyme nanoparticle exhibits enhanced biological activity , 2008, Journal of microencapsulation.

[29]  Hao Li,et al.  The role of surface charge on the uptake and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with osteoblast cells , 2011, Nanotechnology.

[30]  Kechao Zhou,et al.  Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as a Novel Gene Carrier , 2004 .

[31]  Zaiping Guo,et al.  Preparation and characterization of spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles anode materials for lithium ion battery , 2012, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[32]  Zheng Wang,et al.  Starburst low-molecular weight polyethylenimine for efficient gene delivery. , 2012, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[33]  Itamar Willner,et al.  DNAzymes for sensing, nanobiotechnology and logic gate applications. , 2008, Chemical Society reviews.

[34]  Georg Seifert,et al.  Brief Communication: Stability and Catalytic Activity of Novel Circular DNAzymes , 2006, Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids.

[35]  R R Breaker,et al.  Characterization of a DNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme. , 2001, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

[36]  Peter F M Choong,et al.  DNAzyme technology and cancer therapy: cleave and let die , 2008, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[37]  G. F. Joyce,et al.  Mechanism and utility of an RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme. , 1998, Biochemistry.

[38]  S. Silverman,et al.  Site-selective depurination by a periodate-dependent deoxyribozyme. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[39]  Crispin R Dass,et al.  DNAzyme Delivery Systems: Getting Past First Base , 2009 .

[40]  Y. Xiong,et al.  Effects of DNAzymes targeting Aurora kinase A on the growth of human prostate cancer , 2008, Cancer Gene Therapy.

[41]  R R Breaker,et al.  A DNA enzyme that cleaves RNA. , 1994, Chemistry & biology.

[42]  D. Sen,et al.  A novel mode of regulation of an RNA-cleaving DNAzyme by effectors that bind to both enzyme and substrate. , 2001, Journal of molecular biology.

[43]  Zhao Yan-zhong,et al.  Characteristics of functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite and internalization by human epithelial cell , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[44]  R R Breaker,et al.  Capping DNA with DNA. , 2000, Biochemistry.

[45]  L. Khachigian,et al.  Catalytic DNAs as potential therapeutic agents and sequence-specific molecular tools to dissect biological function. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[46]  Jie Chen,et al.  Nanoparticles for gene delivery. , 2013, Small.

[47]  Li Li,et al.  Delivery of DNAzyme targeting aurora kinase A to inhibit the proliferation and migration of human prostate cancer , 2015, International journal of nanomedicine.

[48]  D. Herschlag,et al.  Implications of ribozyme kinetics for targeting the cleavage of specific RNA molecules in vivo: more isn't always better. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[49]  Binod Kumar,et al.  DNAzyme mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing: A novel therapeutic approach , 2013 .

[50]  P. Lam,et al.  Nanosized bioceramic particles could function as efficient gene delivery vehicles with target specificity for the spleen , 2007, Gene Therapy.

[51]  Min Tang,et al.  Effect of EBV LMP1 targeted DNAzymes on cell proliferation and apoptosis , 2005, Cancer Gene Therapy.

[52]  N. Seeman.  DNA in a material world , 2003, Nature.

[53]  C. Geyer,et al.  Evidence for the metal-cofactor independence of an RNA phosphodiester-cleaving DNA enzyme. , 1997, Chemistry & biology.

[54]  Hongzhe Sun,et al.  Targeted Drug Delivery via the Transferrin Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Pathway , 2002, Pharmacological Reviews.

[55]  Kailash C Gupta,et al.  Novel polyethylenimine-derived nanoparticles for in vivo gene delivery , 2013, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[56]  M. Wood,et al.  Hairpin DNAzymes: a new tool for efficient cellular gene silencing , 2007, The journal of gene medicine.

[57]  S. Silverman,et al.  DNA and RNA can be equally efficient catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[58]  A. El-Aneed,et al.  An overview of current delivery systems in cancer gene therapy. , 2004, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[59]  P. Iversen,et al.  DNA enzyme targeting TNF-alpha mRNA improves hemodynamic performance in rats with postinfarction heart failure. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[60]  Nicodemus Tedla,et al.  Suppression of vascular permeability and inflammation by targeting of the transcription factor c-Jun , 2006, Nature Biotechnology.

[61]  M. Brewster,et al.  Delivery of a DNAzyme targeting c-myc to HT29 colon carcinoma cells using a gold nanoparticulate approach. , 2008, Die Pharmazie.

[62]  Hong Sun,et al.  Transfection using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the inner ear via an intact round window membrane in chinchilla , 2012, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[63]  Matthias John,et al.  RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates , 2006, Nature.

[64]  S. Lens,et al.  The Aurora kinase family in cell division and cancer. , 2008, Biochimica et biophysica acta.