Gender Gaps in North American Research Productivity

The under-representation of women in the academic profession can be observed in several countries. In North America, female faculty account for little more than one third of all full-time university faculty (AAUP, 2006; CAUT, 2007; Galaz-Fontes et al., 2008). Academic women also tend to occupy lower ranks and hold fewer upper-level administrative positions than their male counterparts (Bain and Cummings, 2000; Marschke et al., 2007). This is particularly troublesome at a time when North American women are earning doctoral degrees in record numbers (Schoening, 2009; Xu, 2008).

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